热离子

The main contents are: Status and prospects of micro/nano fabrication technology, semiconductor substrates, vacuum science and plasmas. Several unit processes of microfabrication like diffusion, thermal oxidation, ion implantation, optical and nonoptical lithography, etching, physical deposition, chemical vapor deposition and epitaxial growth. Process integration of these unit processes for example CMOS technique and silicon bipolar technique, microelectro mechanical systems and some nano fabrication technologies will be introduced.

主要内容有：微米/纳米制造技术的现状和展望、半导体衬底、真空科学和等离子体，各种单项微电子加工工艺，如扩散、热氧化、离子注入、光学和非光学光刻、刻蚀、物理淀积、化学气相淀积、外延生长等，以及各种单项工艺的集成技术，如CMOS技术和硅双极型工艺技术，并初步介绍微电子机械系统和纳米加工技术。

The peaks intensity of Zr-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves had a tendency to weak and the catalytic activities of them as catalysts in catalizing octadecanol to corresponding octadecanoic acid decreased with addition of zirconium ions.

水热环境下可加速反应物质的迁移运动，氨水缓慢释放OH-离子，促进了TEOS水解、缩聚反应及有机-无机组装过程更好地进行。

Due to the cathode oxidizability and electrolyte instability, some primary reactions, such as electrolyte decomposition, cathode materials dissolution and self-heating redox reaction, arised at the cathode/electrolytes interface in Li-ion batteries, which deteriorated the electrochemical properties and safety of the batteries.

锂离子电池中的正极/电解液界面反应：电解液的氧化分解、正极材料腐蚀溶解及正极材料的自热氧化还原反应等，均能对电池的电化学性能和安全特性产生不良影响。

The results show that the La doping inhibited the phase transformation from anatase to rutile, and improved the optical absorption and surface area of catalysts, also could effectively enhanced the photoactivity.

本论文主要研究了在水热法的基础上进行改进，通过不需要高温煅烧的路线制备了镧离子掺杂TiO_2光催化剂，并通过XRD、UV-Vis、IR、BET等表征手段详细考察了制备条件对催化剂的结构和活性的影响。

Hydrothermal reactions makes water a Bronsted base-acid and act as an effective catalyst and the metal ions represent Lewis base character. The conversion process occurs in a very complex network of parallel, consecutive and equilibrium reactions, and the last step being the catalyzed Cannizzaro-type reaction of pyruvaldehyde to lactic acid.

nsted酸碱并具有一定的催化作用，金属离子在水热催化降解丙酮醛生成乳酸中表现出Lewis碱的特性，能与丙酮醛生成金属复合物，最终生成乳酸，此反应过程符合Cannizzaro反应特性。

In attempt to obtain a further insight into the contribution of charged residues to other allosteri c properties , in this study we designed and synthesized a site directed mutan t , b82 Lys-Asn , for examing influencs the tetrameric stability and enthalpit ic change in O2 binding of human adult hemoglobin.

本研究焦点放在血红蛋白中央空腔中，带有正电残基的其中一个位置，b82 Lysyl ，来研究其正电离子效应与人类血红蛋白氧合反应热及四合体安定性的相关。针对这个目标，我们利用电脑做胺基酸序列排列比对和分子结构的模拟，选择以Asparaginyl残基取代Lysyl残基。

A direct method to prepare nanometre catalyst of positive electrode for methyl alcohol fuel battery is to add strong oxidant to a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and some other metal nitrate, to coat them on the graphite electrode to have catalyst precursor produced, then to prepare the non-platinum nanometre catalyst of metal ion-doped manganese dioxide with carbon as a carrier by thermolytic reaction of the in-situ precursor. The prepared catalyst has the advantages of high electrical catalytic activity of methyl alcohol, high performance to protect against CO poison and low price, and it can lower the battery manufacturing cost effectively as well as can raise the entire electrical property of the battery so that the price performance and the market competitive edge of the battery are enchnaced effectively.

一种直接甲醇燃料电池阳极纳米催化剂的制备方法是在硝酸锰和其它金属硝酸盐的混合溶液中加入强氧化剂，涂抹于石墨电极上制成催化剂先驱体，通过先驱体在原位的热分解反应来制备以碳为载体的金属离子掺杂二氧化锰非铂纳米催化剂；制得的催化剂具有高的甲醇电催化活性、高的抗CO毒化性能以及低廉的价格等优点，可以有效地降低电池的制造成本，提高电池的整体电性能，从而有效地提高直接甲醇燃料电池的性能价格比及市场竞争能力。

In chapter three, we derived a KP equation for unmagnetized, hot, collisionless, and two-ion-temperature plasma with isothermal ions and adiabatic dusty fluid.

论文第三章研究未磁化、无碰撞、具有两种温度离子的热尘埃等离子体中的尘埃声波。

The initiation temperature of the exotherm of P was little influenced by the atmosphere, however, distinctly decreased with the enhancement of IA content in the copolymer, which implied that the initiation of nitrile cyclization reaction preceded the onset of oxidation reaction through an ionic mechanism.

P共聚物的放热峰起始温度受气氛影响不大，却随着IA含量的增加而明显降低，表明在热稳定化过程中它可能首先以离子机理发生氰基环化反应，再发生氧化反应。

Finally, possible thermal lensing effects in ion gas lasers and other lasers are briefly discussed.

最后，简单地讨论了离子气体激光器和某些其它激光器中的可能热透镜效应。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。