热的发生

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

Being different from the unique vein pattern under quasistatic compress, adiabaticshear fracture occurs at high stress rate in dynamic compressive test. In addition to the veinpatterns in the fractural surface, some melting area is also observed.

与准静态压缩条件下的均匀脉络纹断口形貌不同，在高应变率下发生绝热剪切破坏，在含有部分脉络纹断口中，还出现了绝热引起的熔化区。

All the gas pools are buried in great depth (reservoir suffered high temperature), and the upper, lower or middle reservoirs have gypsiferous rock and sufficient hydrocarbon gas, so, the reservoirs possess material and dynamic conditions of thermochemical sulfate reduction.

这些高含硫化氢气藏普遍经历过较大的埋深过程，储层上下或储层中间均发育有膏质岩类，且气源充足，具备硫酸盐热化学还原反应(Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction，TSR)发生的物质基础和热动力条件。

Flash pyrolysis and agglomeration of slightly caking and noncaking coals were studied.

对弱粘煤和不粘煤的快速加氢热解及在快速热解情况下发生的团聚现象进行了研究。

During thermal exposure, some structural changes such interfacial defect migration, noncontinuous coarsening are easy to occur in the alloy with small grain size/average interlamellar spacing. So the small grain size/average interlamellar spacing is generally disadvantageous to thermal stability of lamellar microstructure.

另外，具有较小片层晶粒与平均片层间距的合金经过热暴露以后容易发生了片层界面缺陷迁移，不连续粗化等一些结构变化，不有利于片层组织的热稳定性。

Whatever the Zn/H_2O_2 ratio is, there is only chestnut bur-like structure appeared after thermal oxidation at 850℃for 8h. DSC-TG results showed that while the content of the ZnO film shell on the zinc nanoparticle surface is about 50.4%, the melting and oxidation processes happened almost at the same time during the thermal oxidation process and the bushiest ZnO nanoneedles can be formed.

DSC-TG分析结果表明，纳米锌粉表面保护膜质量占到颗粒质量的50.4%时，热处理阶段氧化过程和熔化过程几乎同时发生，生长的ZnO针状产物最为茂密；对于微米锌粉，H_2O_2预氧化处理对其热行为及其最后形貌生长都影响不大，热氧化阶段是其控制阶段。

This would only be an artificial extension of something that happens naturally in the geysers that are found in Iceland and other regions of the world.

这只不过是把热喷泉里发生的自然现象加以人工发展而已。这种热喷泉在冰岛和世界的其他地区也存在着。

E.g., Allergy to hazelnuts is common in areas with many birch trees, where birch pollen hay lever is frequent

榛实敏感症一般发生在有许多桦树的地区，在这些地区经常发生桦树花粉热

LEVEL FLYING: Collapses often happen near thermals, but that doesn't mean you're always working the thermal when you find it.

水平飞行：夹叶常常发生在靠近热气流的附近区域，但你想一直呆在热气流里面不出来也是不可能的。

LEVEL FLYING: Collapses often happen near thermals, but that doesn't mean you're always working the thermal when you find it.

水平飞行：折翼常常发生在靠近热气流的附近区域，但你想一直呆在热气流里面不出来也是不可能的。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。