热的产生

The numerical results show that, after the hot intrusion reaches the cold wall, some accumulates in the cold top corner, since the cold boundary layer flow cannot entrain all of the hot intrusion.

结果表明：当热入侵流抵达腔体冷壁后，由于冷壁无法卷入所有的热入侵流，热入侵流在冷上角堆积并产生一个反向流动，在冷壁边界层附近形成一个顺时针涡，该涡在浮力效应驱动下可返回热壁，并在腔体的冷热壁之间形成了腔体尺度的流体振荡，即内重力波。

The winglet type of vortex generators used in elliptic tube exhibit the best performances of area reduction rate at higher velocity applications.

矩形翼对波浪型涡漩产生器的热传性能较低於环状波浪型涡漩产生器，压降也较高，不过由於热传性能提升的幅度较压降增加率高，故面积缩率能随著流速的增加而提高。

The hydrolytic degradation research results showed that the PDLLA molecular weight was first degraded, then the weight loss happened in normal saline, and the water soluble crystallizable oligomers were formed during the process of degradation. The thermal degradation research results showed that the thermal degradation of PDLLA is a random breaking process, the molecular weight was degraded at range of 100癈~250癈, only above 250癈, the weight loss was found.

通过研究PDLLA的生理盐水降解性能和热降解性能，发现PDLLA在生理盐水中首先发生分子量降解，然后产生重量损失，且降解过程中生成具有晶体结构特征降解产物；PDLLA的热降解是一个无规的断裂过程，在100℃～250℃范围内，PDLLA的分子量迅速发生降解，在250℃以上，低聚物相继发生裂解，产生重量损失。

In the meantime, the quantity of heat that the friction power of bearing produces, make temperature of electric main shaft elevatory, produce particular thermal stress and heat to be out of shape, the influence machines precision.

同时，轴承的摩擦功率产生的热量，使得电主轴温度升高，产生一定热应力和热变形，影响加工精度。

Results The peak of antibacterial activity appeared at 36-48 hafter induced by four inducements (Because many M.domestica larvae pupated,we did not observe the peak of antibacterial activity by heat-shock). The antibacterial activity of antibacterial proteins by S.aureus was best,and the antibacterial activity of antibacterial proteins by heat-shock was better than control group.

结果 各诱导组诱导家蝇幼虫产生抗菌蛋白达最大活性时间为诱导后36～48h(热诱导后家蝇幼虫很快化蛹，未观察抗菌蛋白产生高峰时间)；金黄色葡萄球菌诱导后的抗菌蛋白抗菌活性最佳，热诱导后的抗菌蛋白抗菌活性也较未诱导组好。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field , deformation field and stress field in heating process , which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly : and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure . These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale .

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场，变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field, deformation field and stress field in heating process, which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly: and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure. These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale. When oil shale is heated through thermal conduction, temperature transfers slowly, so the spacing between heating well and production well should not be kept too long. When difference exists in oil shale reservoir's properties, heating well should be chosen in the high conductivity region. Oil shale's stratification is vital for developing permeation zone in in-situ retorting. Oil shale will generate additional expansion force as it reaches its pyrolysis temperature, and stratification will be cracked first, so the oil shale stratification should be utilized to enhance its permeability.

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场、变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

Because the isogenetic electronmagnetic field and thermal field can interact with each other while the earthquake is generated and occurred, we propose that the thermal field can excite the semiconductor minerals to produce thermoelectric effects and a new additional thermoelectric field.

由于&孕震发震过程中存在同源电磁场和热场相互作用&，所以伴随孕震发震过程的热场变化可能激发半导体矿物产生热电效应，进而产生新的附加热电势场。

At last the paper realized the advantages and disadvantages of passive solar building and adnvanced some suggestions in future research. From another point, the paper logged the process of the building of the experimental equipment and the mounting of the measurement equipments that accumulated some operating experimence.Carrying experiments, calculating and analyzing the experimental data for more than 2 years, the paper gained some constructive conclusions. In winter the indoor air temperature and RH are lower than comfort criteria, but people feels very comfortable in the passive solar house. The thermo-circulation formed by Trombe wall play an important role in improving indoor air temperature and RH. Based on the analogy analysis theory, the natural convection heat transfer in the air gap can be treated as superposition of two natural convection heat transfer processes occurring over isolated isothermal vertical flat plate, in this case namely the massive wall and glazing. Two empirical formulas for Q and Nu are obtained. The investigation shows that the optimal time to open the damper should comply with the period that the thermo-circulation happens which can be controlled by thermal response characteristics of Trombe wall surface temperature and air temperature in the air gap.

经过两年多的实测和计算，根据传热学、流体力学、统计学等学科的基础理论，对大量数据进行整理归类、分析讨论，主要得到如下结论：(1)冬季，含有特朗贝墙体的被动式太阳房室内热湿环境较舒适性标准偏低，但人体感觉比较舒适，特朗贝墙体形成的热循环通风在调节室内温度和相对湿度方面起到很大的作用；(2)特朗贝墙体空气间层自然对流可以看作是两个等温独立大平板的自然对流换热过程的叠加，通过与大平板自然对流理论类比获得了计算热循环过程中对流换热量的经验公式；(3)特朗贝墙体通风口的启闭可以根据玻璃幕墙内壁面温度、蓄热墙体外壁面温度和空气间层进出口空气温度之间的关系来进行控制，从而有效地阻挡冬季冷循环的发生；(4)夏季，如没有有效的通风降温措施，被动式太阳房内会产生明显的过热。

Apart from the working limitations resulting from its structural property, the flat plate heat pipe carries out heat dissipation through the evaporation and condensation of the working fluid. Thus, if the working angle of the fluid is adverse to its backflow, the heat pipe will fail easily. Furthermore, not the orientations of all the heat sources are favorable to the functioning of the heat pipe. To compensate for this drawback, this research focuses primarily on the development of a composite structure which will reduce the effect of gravity on the working fluid. Generally speaking, the heat pipe is divided into three main categories: the groove type, sintered metal type and mesh screen type, as shown in Table 2. As far as capillary force is concerned, the sintered metal type and mesh screen type show better performance. As mentioned in R.

平板式热管除了因其结构特性而产生的工作极限之外，由于其作用乃是透过工作流体的蒸发及凝结进行散热，故若是其工作角度不利于液体之回流，便容易使热管失效，且并非所有之发热源都是位于有利于热管工作之位置，因此本研究之主要目的为设计一可减少重力对工作流体影响之复合式结构；一般而言，热管之结构大致可分为沟槽、烧结及网格三种(如表2所示)，其中烧结及网格结构有较佳之毛细力，在 R。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。