热电子的

Be produced in electron tubes is thermionic emission, in which advantage is taken of the fact if a solid body is heated sufficiently, some of the electrons it contains will escape from its surface into the surrounding space .

将固体加热到足够温度时，它所含的电子就有一部分离它所含的电子就有一部分离开表面，飞逸到周围空间中，，这种现象叫做热离子放射。电子管通常就是利用这种方法来产生自由电子的。

By the testing means of electron-spectroscopy for chemical analysis , thermogravimetric analysis , differential scanning calorimetry , transmission electronmicroscopy , the results have shown that the emulsion polymerization in situ in the presence of nano-particle of calcium carbonate can happen smoothly and successfully and the surface of nano-particle of calcium carbonate have been capsulated by polymer of acrylates, which prevent from the agglomerating of nano-particles of calcium carbonate. Because the copolymer of acrylate has good compatibility with some plastics such as PVC, ABS, AS and so on, so the dispersion of nano-scale calcium carbonate as nanometer size in these plastics can be reached more easily and the effects of nanometer can happen.

通过X射线光电子能谱、热失重分析、动态扫描量热分析、透射电子显微镜等手段，证实在纳米碳酸钙原生粒子存在下，可以进行丙烯酸酯类的原位乳液聚合，乳液聚合顺利，纳米碳酸钙表面被丙烯酸酯类聚合物所包覆，使纳米碳酸钙粒子间的团聚不易发生，同时由于丙烯酸酯类聚合物与PVC、ABS、AS等极性聚合物具有较好的相容性，从而使纳米碳酸钙在聚合物基体中能达到纳米状态分散，从而发挥纳米效应。

The heat transfer performance of open celled aluminum foam heat sinks under axial fan impinging cooling flow is experimentally studied. Three open-celled aluminum foam samples with different pore sizes and identical porosity (ε=0.92) were tested.

针对电子元器件的冷却问题，实验研究了孔隙率为0.92、孔密度不同的3种通孔泡沫铝热沉在轴流风扇冲击射流下的换热特性。

In 5 days after ALA treatment, under the same actinic light intensity, along with the time increased, increased PS II actual photochemical efficiency Φ_(psⅡ, photochemical quench, non-photochemical qnench, electron transfer rate, photochemistry rate, photochemistry and antenna heat dissipation of the watermelon Citrullus lanatus Thunb.

ALA处理5天后，在同一作用光下，随着时间的延长，西瓜叶片PSⅡ实际光化学效率Φ_(PSⅡ、荧光猝灭系数、非光化学荧光猝灭系数、电子传递速率、光化学速率、光化学效率、热耗散速率及天线热耗散的光动力曲线均上升；稳态荧光和PSⅡ反应中心非光化学耗散的光时间曲线逐渐下降。

It was also found that the electron-donating groups in the 5-position of indoline moiety could stabilize the colored forms and then low the thermal decay date.

吲哚啉环上5位的取代基对螺噁嗪热消色过程也有影响。5位的给电子基团能稳定开环体，热消色速率降低，寿命延长。

The results showed that under the given experimental conditions,the surface layer with richiron and poor copper was formed in the surface worn region of the semimetallic friction material,the depth of organic ingredient pyrolysis caused by friction heat in worn surfaces was atout 0.35mm; the semimetallic friction material containing 15%-20%of Cu had better wear-resistance,and can form a even and continuous transfer film of copper; crack peeling was the importantmechanism of the counterpart.

半金属摩擦材料具有摩擦系数稳定，耐磨性好，对环境污染小和对偶件表面损伤小等优点，但其在摩擦热和界面应力等因素作用下，表层会发生弹性变形，塑性变形，元素扩散，组分转移和摩擦化学反应等现象，因此，利用扫描电子显微镜X射线能量色散谱和差热－热重分析，对铜纤维增强的半金属摩擦材料与灰铸铁滑动摩擦表面层的特性作了分析研究，考察了表面层特性对摩擦损行为的影响。

Transition metal borides and inorganic boron-containing compounds, such as TiB〓, BN, B〓C and BP, are one of the most important groups for application in high-temperature performance, electronics and catalysts. Traditionally, they were prepared by high-temperature reactions; however, the products were beyond nanometer scale.

中文题名溶剂热合成硼化物及非金属含硼化合物纳米材料副题名外文题名论文作者谷云乐导师钱逸泰学科专业无机化学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学技术大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数70页关键词纳米材料硼化物溶剂热合成馆藏号BSLW /2003 /O613 /6 硼化物、非金属含硼化合物功能材料（如硼化钛、氮化硼、碳化硼和磷化硼等）通常具有高硬度、高熔点、机械强度大、高温化学稳定性好等一系列优良性能，有些还具有奇异的光、电、磁、热学性能和催化活性，是一类最富潜力的非氧化物高温结构材料、电子材料和催化材料。

Datacolor company's main production for electricity, chemicals, petroleum, metallurgy, shipbuilding, railways, nuclear power, military and other basic industrial sector control system used special cables, including fire-resistant fire-retardant series, cross-linked column, high temperature series resistance, low temperature series, radiation-resistant series, waterproof series, Low Smoke low halogen series, low smoke zero halogen series more than a dozen major categories, such as nuclear power stations with cables, military cables, towing cables, specifically to replace imported cables, waterproof underwater cables, electronic computer shielded cable, control cables, low smoke zero halogen cable category, compensation wire, cable, high-temperature fire cable, high-frequency heating and hot with cable, RF cable, high flexible cables, the security cable, instrument signal cables, marine cables, Oilfield cables, signal cables, communication cables, sensor cables, control cables, power cables, thermocouple, thermal resistance and so on.

德塔公司主营生产用于电力、化工、石油、冶金、船舶、铁路、核电、军工等基础工业部门控制系统中所采用的特种电缆，包括耐火阻燃系列、交联系列、耐高温系列、耐低温系列、耐辐射系列、防水系列、低烟低卤系列、低烟无卤系列等十几个大类的核电站用电缆、军工电缆、拖曳电缆、专门替代进口电缆、水下防水电缆、电子计算机屏蔽电缆、控制电缆、低烟无卤类电缆、补偿导线、电缆、高温防火电缆、高频加热和伴热电缆、射频电缆、高柔性电缆、本安电缆、仪表信号电缆、船用电缆、油田电缆、信号电缆、通讯电缆、传感器电缆、程控电缆、电力电缆、热电偶、热电阻等。

The heat-chromism was studied and the reaction mechanism was presented according to electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy.

研究了它们的热致变色行为，并根据红外光谱和电子自旋共振谱提出了不可逆热致变色的反应机理。4。

With the development of electronic computer terminal technology, thermalsensitive records have gruadually taken the place of other traditional methods in the fields of fax scanning, image reprography, information transfer and etc. Nowadays, more and more different kinds of thermalsensitive recording materials have appeared in markets and they are widely used in department stores, supermarkets, banks, hospitals, airports and other fields.

由于热敏记录方式具有完全干式，不需显定影工艺，记录时没有烟雾气味，无噪声，解像率高，可作彩色复印，操作简单等特点，随着电子计算机终端技术和非打印印刷器的发展，在传真扫描、图像复印、信息显示传递等方面，热敏记录已逐渐取代其它的传统方式。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。