热损失

Results The tinnitus frequency, severity of subjective tinnitus, audiogram types and some items of function test above hearing threshold were significantly different in the five groups (P.05). Specific features of pure-tone test were found in the five groups: tinnitus frequency was low, whole- frequency hearing threshold high, audiogram even, short increment sensitivity index at 1 kHz high and tone decline at 4 kHz low in the syndrome of invasion of wind-heat; tinnitus frequency was high, high-frequency hearing loss common, audiogram abruptly descending, SISI and TD at 4 kHz high in the syndrome of liver-fire up-stirring; subjective tinnitus was loud, audiogram abruptly descending or gradually descending, SISI and 7W at 4 kHz low in the syndrome of stagnation of phlegm-fire; tinnitus frequency was high, subjective tinnitus low, audiogram markedly descending or hill-like, SISI and TD at 4 kHz high in the syndrome of kidney-essence deficiency; average hearing loss was less, audiogram irregular but abruptly descending or notched in most cases, SISI at 4 kHz low in the syndrome of weakness of spleen-stomach.

结果］耳鸣频率、自觉耳鸣程度、听力图类型及部分阈上功能测试指标在各证型间具有显著性差异(P.05)，这些指标在不同的证型中表现出不同的特点：风热侵袭型的耳鸣频率较低，全频听阈升高，听力图多为平坦型，短增量敏感指数得分在1kHz较高，而4kHz音衰值较低；肝火上扰型的耳鸣频率较高，听力损失以高频为主，听力图多为陡降型，4kHz SISI得分及TD值均较高；痰火郁结型的自觉耳鸣响度较大，听力图以陡降型或缓降型为主，4kHz SISI得分及TD值均较低；肾精亏损型的耳鸣频率较高，而自觉耳鸣响度较低，听力图以显降型或山型为主，4kHz SISI得分及TD值均较高；脾胃虚弱型的平均听力损失较小，听力图无一定规律性，但以陡降型或切迹型为主，4kHz SISI得分较低。

Abstract; According to current engineering hydrodynamics, there's positively constant head lossin Bernoulli's theorem for identical stream line in viscous fluid, which can later turn into heat anddissipate.

现行工程流体力学与水力学理论通常认为粘性流体元流伯努利方程中的水头损失项是但正的，并且这部分损失的机械能转变为热而耗散掉了。

The results showed that the activity loss of porcine serum IgG was reduced effectively by combining with protectants which was made up of 0.5% glycine, 5% maltase and 20% defatted milk powder during spray drying. The activity loss of porcine serum IgG was reduced using mycoses as the protectants.

结果表明：20%的脱脂乳粉、0.5%的甘氨酸和5%的麦芽糖混合后作为热保护剂能够有效地减少喷雾干燥时IgG的活性损失；海藻糖能够降低IgG冷冻干燥时的活性损失。

The total radiative loss include the sum of every possible transition between two levels under the atomical models of hydrogen (4 level + 1 continuum), ionized calcium (5 level + 1 continuum), and magnesium (3 level) beside the contributions from nagtive hydrogen of f-f and f-b tranditions.

并将辐射损失速率与非热电子束轰击和软x线作用下的产能率作了比较，结果表明：耀斑不同时刻的色球辐射损失变化可达一个量级以上；耀斑脉冲相前后电子束加热相当有效；耀斑强度极大时，电子束轰击和软x线加热都有作用；耀斑主相时，软x线加热更能有效地平衡辐射损失。

The main characteristics include: the quiet Sun corona has a rapid response to the flare heating, within 2 second the corona temperature increases nearly one order of magnitude, but later such increase becomes very slowly; the downward velocity at early stage of impulsive phase is too small to be negnected; chromospheric evaporation made by conduction shows some intensely, the maximum evaporated velocity may be as large as 1000 km/s; the chromospheric condensation appears just when the chromospheric evaporation takes place and its place always coincide with that of transition region in the early stage; the maximum of chromospheric condensation occurs also in the early stage of impulsive phase, at which the density in condensation may be larger two order of magnitude than that of surround and the downward velocity may be as large as 100 km/s; after the maximum of chromospheric condensation, its strongth decreases gradually but its width becomes greater with time and have a tendency to transport into deep chromosphere; the front of chromospheric condensation heats atmosphere obviously and the temperature in the chromospheric condensation is higher than the original case; the downware velocity of transition region may be greater than 100 km/s at the early stage; when the evaporated material collide at the top of loop, the densityand the presure there increase rapidly, which result in the formation of a shock wave; and so on.

在改善色球辐射损失和精确分辨过渡区的基础上，通过联立求解连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程，构造了一维磁限制性耀斑环在热沉积作用下的大气动力学模型，获得了耀斑热模型下脉冲相早期较为细致的大气演化理论图象，其主要特征是：耀斑对宁静日冕的加热相当迅速，仅2秒钟日冕温度增加即达一个量级，之后日冕温度增加缓慢；脉冲相早期日冕向下速度很小，几乎可以忽略，热传导驱动色球蒸发，其过程较为激烈，蒸发极大速度可达到1000km/s；色球压缩区与色球蒸发几乎同时形成，且在早期其位置总是与过渡区位置重合；色球压缩极大发生在脉冲相早期，其时密度可高于周围约2个量级，向下速度可超过100km/s；色球压缩极大后，其强度逐渐减弱，但宽度明显增大，且渐渐脱离过渡区往色球传播；压缩区内物质温度要高于原先的大气温度；过渡区下降在脉冲相早期相当迅速，可超过100km/s；当蒸发物质在环顶高速相碰时，环顶的密度、压力迅速增大，且温度也有所增加，导致形成激波，其波面以每秒上百公里的速度自环顶向下传播；在脉冲相前期，日冕软x辐射对色球的加热作用可以忽略；等。

A mathematical model of heat and mass transfer for the burning process of fire-retardant intumescent polymer was put forward to analyze the effect of heat and mass transfer on burning behavior of IFR-PP.

实验中测量了纯聚丙烯及膨胀阻燃聚丙烯在膨胀燃烧过程中的样品质量损失、质量损失速率、热释放速率和内部温度随时间变化规律。

Fin spacing and density of the staggered tube bundle have much more influence on its performance, when the distance between fins decreased or the tube distributing density increased, heat transfer of the exchanger will be strengthened and pressure drop will be distinctly aggrandized.

从实验和模拟结果分析可知，实验所得传热因子j较模拟结果有12%范围内的减小，而阻力因子f有4%～16%的增大；翅片间距和管排密集度对翅片管换热器性能影响很大，减小翅片间距和增大管排密集度均能增强换热器的换热效果，但压力损失也明显增加。

Unsteady conjugate numerical simulation results for the solar chimney prototype in Spain show that the soil has the effect of energy storage and can modulate the difference of output power of the solar chimney power plant system between day and night, and that the solar radiation intensity has a significant effect on the energy loss from the system which will increase with the increasing of the solar radiation, and that the canopy of the collector is the main part of energy loss through the system, with a heat-transfer rate per unit area about 10% the amount of the solar radiation.

以西班牙试验电站模型为例进行的非稳态耦合数值计算结果表明：土壤具有较强的蓄热作用且能很好调整系统昼夜发电峰谷差；太阳辐射强度对系统散热损失的影响相当显著，太阳辐射越强，散热量越大；集热棚的顶棚是系统散热损失的主要部件，散热热流密度约为太阳辐射的10%。

FLUENT-CFD Software is used to simulate the flow and heat transfer in a rectangular passage with the arrays of circle-shaped, similar-drop-shaped, elliptic-shaped and water drop-shaped columns.

运用FLUENTCFD商用软件对装有圆形、准水滴形、椭圆形和水滴形4种扰流柱叉排阵列矩形通道内的流动和换热进行了三维数值模拟，获得了通道内流场、压力场以及局部对流换热系数分布的基本特征，并对扰流柱通道的换热特性和压力损失特性进行了对比分析。

By the fullscale test of unsteady-flow fire in tunnel, applying aerodynamics of one-dimensional compressible unsteady-flow the relation between thermal power and thermal resistance in burning zone was analyzed, and its calculational methods were discussed. It is shown that besides heating swell, resistance and...

无论平巷或斜巷的燃烧，燃烧区的热动力势是最强的，其变化梯度为3～6Pa/m，压力最低点位于燃烧区的出口；热动力的概念把巷道一般流动损失、火区流动损失和火风压完全统一起来了，解决了实际巷道火灾燃烧区热力计算的困难，使火灾时期的风网解算更符合实际。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。