热损失

The influence of excess air coefficient upon the thermal efficiency of heater has been discussed based on actual measurement and theoretical analysis on the relation between the excess air coefficient and flue gas loss, incomplete combustion loss and thermal efficiency of heater,the optimal excess air coefficient is given.

通过实际测试和理论分析过剩空气系数与排烟热损失、气体不完全燃烧热损失及加热炉热效率的关系，讨论了过剩空气系数对原油加热炉热效率的影响，给出了过剩空气系数的最佳范围。

So, for different heater type, the general calculation model on the influence of heater terminal temperature difference on heat economy of unit is derived in the paper.

端差的存在和变化，虽没有发生直接的明显热损失，但却增加了热交换的不可逆性，产生了额外的冷源损失，降低了装置的热经济性。

Based on practical data obtained on site and experiences in oil transportation, the article deals with various factors that affect the heat loss of crude oil pipelines, and furthermore, introduces some technical measures by which to minimize hest loss and economise energy.

文章结合现场实测数据和输油经验，论述了影响原油管道热损失的诸因素，进而提出了减少热损失、节约能源的技术措施。

The results are revealed that reading error of the thermocouple in the course of dynamic response is mainly ca...

结果显示：在动态响应过程中热电偶读数误差主要决定于热电偶测头以及热电偶隔热罩的辐射热损失，并且它的辐射热损失又受热电偶测头的滞后时间常数τ0 的限制；随着动态响应过程的进行，热电偶读数的误差急剧变化；当τ=3τ0时，基本上可以认为动态响应过程结束，但升温变化时误差更大。

Canopy transpiration and latent heat transfer progress have been specially treated in themacro-thermal-environment simulation program,by which,the effects of outside solar radiation andair temperature,greenhouse insulation,and backwall and floor on the macro-thermal-environmentcan be simulated.

根据上述模型就室外太阳辐射、室外气温、温室的保温、温室后墙和地面的蓄放热等对生态温室主体热环境的影响进行了模拟，证明温室透光盖层在白天损失了大量热量，建议改进盖层的透光保温综合性能；一面坡温室后墙和地面对室内的放热贡献相近，但后墙向外界的热损失是其向室内放热的2倍左右，其具体大小还与后墙的尺寸等因素有关。

To get an accurate installed efficiency rating, factors such as flue gas heat losses, cycling losses caused by over sizing, blower fan electrical usage, etc., must be included.

为了获得准确的安装效率等级，如烟气热损失的因素，骑自行车引起了浆纱，风机使用的电力损失等，必须包括在内。

Through the flue gas and air characteristic analysis in supercharged boiler,the results showed that the value of parameters would increase with the increase of fuel consumption.And volume heat load of the furnace, fuel consumption, heat change between flue gas and convective heating surface and evaporation value would increase with the increase of compression ratio.The heat calculation would be different because of dissimilar thermal calculation in the turbo-compressor when the boiler load was changed.As the boiler load increased,heat loss in the turbo-compressor would increase and the efficiency of the boiler would decrease.The results of the boiler start-up simulation showed that the time of start-up would decrease with the increase of flue consumption ,but instantaneous pressure amplitude would increase.Steam water"s dymamic diversification would be more complex than flue gas"s,and dynamic characters of their parameters would be changed due to different boiler load and disturbance variable,which was shown by results of the simulation when boiler load was changed.

通过分析增压锅炉内的空气、烟气参数特性，发现随着锅炉负荷的增加，空气和烟气的各项参数值都相应的增加；炉膛容积热负荷、锅炉的燃料负荷随着增压比的提高成比例增加；随着增压比的增大，烟气与对流受热面的换热增加，蒸发量随之增加；由于涡轮增压机组在不同负荷下的热力计算不同而造成增压锅炉在不同负荷下的热平衡计算的不同；锅炉增压机组的总的热损失随着锅炉负荷的增加而增加，而增压锅炉的热效率随着锅炉负荷的增加而减少；锅炉启动模拟仿真结果中发现，锅炉启动时燃料量增加，锅炉的启动时间就会减少，但是瞬时升压速度会增加；而动态负荷变化模拟仿真结果中发现，锅炉汽水侧的变化相比烟气侧更为复杂，且在不同负荷和不同扰动量下，烟气侧和汽水侧的重要参数动态特性是不同的。

The heat conductivity calculation has been divided into two parts, form the borehole to the exposure of cement mantle and in the formations, as for corresponding to different borehole structures, different methods have been adopted to sum the overall heat transfer coefficients and numerical method is used to calculate the heat loss on each nodal point, furthermore, through the model proposed herein, the degrees of influences of different borehole structures on heat loss could be calculated in order to get the most economic and efficient borehole structure.

把导热分为井筒到水泥环外壁和地层导热两部分计算，对不同的井筒结构采用不同方法计算总传热系数，数值法求解每个节点处的热损失，并通过模型对比计算了不同井筒结构对井筒热损失的影响程度，得到最经济有效的井筒结构。

In order to make the right evaluation of the state which is the consumption consume of the steam line system, we make an test of the heat loss of the steam line network. And we also probe into the heat loss of the steam line system and the factors. In order to solve the heat inefficency of the steam line system, we look into the present situation of the steam line network and the state of heat preservation. Then we found the open questions and the weak points of heat preservation. We make the evaluation and affirm the reason of the heat inefficency of the system. We adopted the combination of bench test and engineering optimization, then we screened out high-quality adiabator, and designed the best heating composition. We designed and developed the software"The analysis and optimization of energy of the steam line system in thermal production" It can offer convenience to the computational analysis of heat loss of the steam line system. It can also be used for design calculation and experimental verification of steam pipeline feasible radial-radius, so it can offer technical support for the reduce of heat loss of the system, the raise of well head steam quality and the raise of heat efficicency of the steam injection system.

为了对输汽系统的用能状况作出正确的分析评价，对输汽管线热损失进行了测试计算，对输汽系统热量损失及影响因素进行了探讨；为了解决输汽系统热效率低的问题，从输汽管网现状及管道保温状况调查入手，掌握存在的问题和保温薄弱环节，做出分析评价，确认导致系统热效率低的原因，采用室内试验与工程优化相结合的办法，筛选出优质保温材料，设计最优保温结构，同时设计开发了&热采输汽系统能量分析及优化软件&，为输汽系统热量损失计算分析和保温结构优化提供了方便，还对输汽管线合理辐射半径进行了设计计算及实验验证，从而为降低系统的热能损失，提高井口蒸汽干度，提高注汽系统的热效率提供了技术支持。

Thermal oil pumps Operating temperature up to 350 °C. The heat barrier prevent heat lose. The sliding seal cartridge compensated thermal

运行热油温度高达 350°C，通过安装在泵体后侧的热障，热损失最少，可滑动的轴封套补偿可能的热膨胀，可

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。