热成系统

Draw lessons from increment type observation implement with PI condition observation implement research achievement, combine heat to dominate a field complex control system designs bunchy form normally the actual condition of regulating system, offer observation of function of PI of increment style broad sense implement and the concept that its condition feedbacks, the tectonic regulating system that cluster form and observation implement feedback of shirt-sleeve broad sense condition controls a system, learn an analysis through number, give out the sufficient condition of IFO-PIO/BS reachs his corresponding theorem and deductive proof, announce give this to controlled systematic equivalence to be had at IFO-PIO/BS change the function that gain condition feedbacks.

借鉴增量式观测器和PI状态观测器的探究成果，并结合热控领域复杂控制系统通常设计成串级调节系统的实际情况，提出增量式广义PI函数观测器及其状态反馈的概念，构造串级调节系统和观测器相融合的广义状态反馈控制系统，通过数学分析，给出IFO-PIO/BS的充分条件及其相应定理和推论的证实，揭示出该控制系统等价于IFO-PIO/BS具有了变增益状态反馈的功能。

The residual gas pressure in an electron tube can be measured when the tube itself is operated as a hot cathode ionization gauge.Usually,its sensitivity K is determined by the method of gauge calibration.In this paper,author try to determine the sensitivity K by ca- lculation.The formulae for this purpose have be found out,and are used for both plate and cylindrical electrode systems.

把电子管接成热阴极电离计的工作形式，用来测量管内残气压强时，其灵敏度如何计算的问题在本文中作了讨论，给出了平板形电极系统和圆柱形电极系统的灵敏度解析式，对式中各量的计算作了详细介绍；并指出四极管中电子在电离区的平均渡越次数的表示式与三极管中的完全不同。

The coal pulverization system includes hot gas generator, coal pulverizing system, and PC collecting system.

煤炭粉化系统包括热的气体发电器、煤炭磨成粉系统，和个人计算机收集系统。

However, it is difficult for the quartz substrate to scale-down by photolithography. In this article, we develop another type of piezoelectric material, PbZrxTi(1-x)O3, as a thin film by sol-gel route to replace the quartz crystal as a resonator. The novel hydrothermal annealing with microwave system is proposed to substitute the conventional furnace annealing.

本研究则是用同样具有压电性质的材料锆钛酸铅(PbZrxTi1-xO3)，以溶胶－凝胶法制成压电薄膜，来取代传统的石英晶体；再以微波反应系统进行水热式退火，来取代传统高温制程上的热处理方式，同时根据实验结果，进一步推论水热式退火的反应机制。

For example, in the limit of very weak spin-orbit coupling, a system approaching the crossing region from the reactant side is most likely, in diabatic terms, to remain on surface 1, and then return to reactants.

例如，在极弱旋-轨耦合极限，当系统从反应物一侧接近交叉区域，用非绝热术语表述为系统很有可能继续待在势能面1上，然后返回成反应物。

According to the variation in the components of intermediateacid igneous rocks coming from the lower crust, it is possible to restrain the depth of the source area and the minimum thickness of the crust, and thus to provide important information for the study of the deep process of the continental intraplate mineralizationGlobally, many world level porphyry copper deposits and metallogenic systems formed by hypabyssal hot liquid have their close relationship with the synchronous adakite in spacetime and genesis; domestically, the adakitelike rocks have been identified to be related to the metallogenesis in the main metallogenic areas in ChinaThe recognition of adakitelike rocks having no relationship with the process of subduction makes it possible to construct a metallogenic model of continental intraplate porphyry metal deposits by combining other geological evidences, and this model is totally different from the metallogenic model of porphyry copper deposits with Bsubduction setting constructed by Sillitoe (1972)The existence of adakitelike rocks may be the necessary condition but not the sufficient one for forming the largescale porphyry deposits and the hypabyssal hotliquid deposits, whose metallogenic elements mainly came from the mantleThe metallogenic potential of adakitelike rocks is achieved by the entering of the mantle material, and the metallogenic specialization of adakitelike rocks is decided by the distribution characteristics of the metallogenic elements in the upper mantleAn important reason for the adakitelike magma related to subduction being advantageous to mineralization is that there were abundant high pressure and high temperature liquid coming from the subducted platepieces and the magma of high fO2 coming from the melting of subducted platepiecesHowever, for those adakitelike rocks, whose occurrence has continental plate background but does not relate to the subduction, their metallogenic mechanism is not clear yetBased on the concept of modern mineral exploration and combined with the analysis of integrated geological information, we may better realize the practical prospecting significance of the adakitelike rocks

根据起源于下地壳的中酸性岩浆岩的成分变化，可以约束其源区深度以及地壳最小厚度，为大陆板内成矿作用的深部过程研究提供重要信息。全球范围内，许多世界级斑岩铜矿和浅成热液矿化系统与同期的埃达克质岩存在密切的时空与成因联系，在国内主要成矿区带也识别出与金属成矿作用有关的埃达克岩。与俯冲过程无关的埃达克质岩的识别，使我们有可能结合其他地质证据构建完全不同于Sillitoe(1972)B型俯冲环境的斑岩铜矿成矿模式的大陆板内斑岩型金属矿床成矿模式。对于规模巨大、矿质主要源自地幔的热液矿床的形成，埃达克岩可能是必要条件，但不是充分条件。埃达克岩的成矿潜力通过地幔物质加入而获取，埃达克岩的成矿专属性由上地幔成矿元素分布特征决定。与俯冲有关的埃达克质岩浆之所以有利于成矿，重要的原因是存在大量来自俯冲板片的高压、高温流体以及俯冲板片熔融形成高氧逸度(fO2)的熔体，但产出在大陆板内背景、与俯冲无关的埃达克岩的成矿机制还不清楚。根据现代资源勘查理念，结合综合地质信息分析，埃达克质岩具有实际找矿意义。

In this paper, the uncooled thermal imaging system of microbolometer arrays is introduced.

文中在指出现代制冷型红外成像技术的不足，论述非制冷红外成像技术的优点之后，介绍了微测辐射热计阵列的非制冷热成像系统。

To meet the demand of the 60 nm spatial resolution,the zone plate imaging technology must be employed.

在X射线成像光束线光学系统的设计基础上，对光束线的能量分辨率和光子通量进行了计算，并对双晶单色器第一块晶体的热载影响进行了模拟分析，同时利用波带片成像技术对实验站进行了设计，达到了60 nm的空间分辨率。

This system has function of route arrangement that users can choose different route navigation through GPS, and combines Bluetooth and 8051 microcontroller as wireless detection device which can transmit the riding distance wirelessly to PDA, and convert the distance into Calories to let users know. Furthermore, this system also uses the Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT -o- Games) Concept to make users compete with each other. It will make bicycle riding become a habit of daily life.

除了有路线规划的功能，让使用者能根据喜好选择不同种类的路线透过GPS进行导航，更结合蓝牙与8051微处理器作为一无线侦测装置，将所骑的距离无线传输至PDA上，记录所骑的里程告知使用者；并将非运动活动生热游戏(NEAT -o- Games)的概念融合进系统里，透过使用者彼此间竞赛的方式，将骑自行车变成一种日常生活的习惯，累积的里程还可以换成红利点数，能兑换成商品优惠券等。

Besides, there exists the third class time boundary layer, i. e. inner time boundary layer, and inside it, the system can be treated as a adiabatic non-dissipative system.

此外，系统还存在第三类时间边界层，即内时间边界层，这时可以将系统处理成绝热无摩擦系统。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。