热平衡

According to the damage phenomena at the edge of electrodes, the thermal injection and relaxation characteristics of majority carriers were discussed. An injection model induced by minority carriers was proposed, which emphasized the surface field enhancement effect by non-equilibrium carrier channel, possibly leading to the ionization of the ambient gas above the filament channel.

结合电极边缘细丝状的破坏现象，讨论了电极边缘的热注入和内部多数载流子的弛豫特性，提出了少子引导的注入模型，强调了非平衡载流子通道引起的表面电场增强效应，可引起外部气体电离形成电离通道。

The Phase Rule states that for a system in equilibrium, in our example, the rock at the time of metamorphism

在一个封闭的多相体系中，相与相之间可以有热的交换、功的传递和物质的交流，相律就是揭示相平衡体系中相数P ，独立组分数C和自由度 F 之间关系的规律。

Lowenergy ion/surface interactions play an important and sometimes dominant role in controlling film microstructure and/or microchemistry.

近表面层的原子仍保持其原平面晶格构型，但受再构表面的影响，越近最表面层，原子在晶格平衡位上的热振动振幅越大。

The thermodynamic calculations of the Gibbs free energies for typical multiple phase equilibria in silicate systems were performed,including (1)melting reactions of silicate reactant in processing of the glass-ceramics;(2)sintering reactions in utilizations of nepheline syenite and high- flyash;(3)crystallizing reactions of tobermorite and xonotlite .

对硅酸盐体系的典型多相平衡反应进行了热力学计算，包括：(1)微晶玻璃制备过程中的硅酸盐熔融反应；(2)霞石正长岩和高铝粉煤灰利用技术中的硅酸盐烧结反应；(3)S iO2-CaO-H2O体系和KA lS i3O8-CaO-H2O体系雪硅钙石、硬硅钙石的水热晶化反应；(4)高铝粉煤灰和霞石正长岩烧结产物的溶解反应；(5)Na[A l4]-A l3-H2O体系和Na2SO4-Ca2-H2O体系中α-A l3和CaSO4.2H2O的析晶反应。

The bulky ortho-brominated aryl groups are implanted to create nonplanarity around amino center. Thus, the effective conjugation length to the protonation site is shortened and the energy gap between neutral and protonated forms is narrowed. The protonation can only occur at the nitrogen atom of the benzothiazole and the temperature variation disturbs the equilibrium between the neutral and monocation and the reverible thermochromic effect can thus be achieved.

在邻位的位置引入立体阻碍大的溴原子，进而控制质子化过程的酸碱平衡只发生在 benzothiazole 上的氮原子上，企图达到只有中性分子，与单阳离子两种稳定的形式存在，经由外界的刺激下，例如温度或酸的量的改变，促使逆反应的发生，而达到热致变色的效果。

Combustion instability in liquid rocket engine is investigated with theoretical analyses, numerical simulations and experiments. Nonlinear science, such as Nonlinear Dynamics, Non- equilibrium Thermodynamics, and Wavelets, is introduced in the studies.Nonlinear oscillation equation of chamber pressure is established.

本文结合非平衡热力学、小波分析、非线性动力学等非线性学科，建立燃烧稳定性理论模型，发展两相喷雾燃烧非定常数值模拟程序，利用激光测粒系统，发动机高频热试系统等测试手段，重点围绕液体推进剂的化学动力学过程，对燃烧不稳定进行了较为系统的理论、仿真和实验研究。

In experimental research, the S-L-E of three groups of isomers was determined by using differential scanning calorimetry , and more than two hundred reliable data were obtained. The isomers include meta-, ortho-, and paradichlorobenzene, meta-, ortho-, and para-dibromobenzene and meta-, ortho-, and para-nitro-benzoic acid.

在实验的研究中，采用差式扫描量热测定了邻、间、对二氯苯，邻、间、对二溴苯及邻、间、对硝基苯甲酸等三组同分异构体物系的固液相平衡关系，共得到二百多个可靠的数据。

Temperature field is obtained by Direct Finite Difference Method with parallelepiped mesh elements and the latent heat release is handled with a combination of equivalent specific heat method and temperature recovery method.

计算方法采用直交剖分的直接差分法；潜热处理采用等价比热法与温度修正法相结合的方法；在节约内存量和提高计算速度的基础上尽可能提高计算精度，并在三者之间取得合理平衡；对直交剖分带来的误差采用了热容量修正技术；针对不同铸造合金的凝固特点，对收缩缺陷判据进行了研究和扩展。

The identified proteins were divided into two following categories: one is regulatory proteins, for example, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferas, HSP70, glyoxalase I , actin, and so on. They are involved in protein biosynthesis and processing, cellular structural organization and stress responses. The other is function proteins, for instance, ascorbate peroxidase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinase, S-adenosyl methionine synthetase, ATP synthase, and so on. They are involved in photosynthesis, photorespiration, redox homeostasis, and metabolisms.

通过分析可以将这些差异蛋白分为两大类：第一类是调节性蛋白，如咖啡酸三氧转甲基酶，热激蛋白70，醛酮变位酶I，肌动蛋白等，它们主要参与蛋白质的合成和加工、胁迫响应、细胞骨架稳定等过程；第二类是功能性蛋白，如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶，细胞质苹果酸脱氢酶，细胞质磷酸甘油酸激酶，S-腺苷蛋氨酸合成酶，ATP合酶等，它们则参与氧化还原平衡、光合作用、光呼吸和各种代谢等过程。

The balanced pressure duplex phosphor bronze diaphragm is a highly sensitive modulating unit thermally programmed to provide accurate steam conserving operation.

平衡压力双磷青铜隔膜是一种热程序高敏感性调节装置，具有精确的蒸汽保存功能。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。