热化学

At this stage, the solid pyrolyzed products of polysiloxane and polycarbosilane were amorphous silicon oxycarbide and nonstoichiometric silicon carbide containing excess carbon, respectively At higher temperature, structure of the amorphous pyrolyzed products started to rearrange and experienced a disorder →order transformation, even crystallized Cristobalite crystallized from SiO〓C〓, and β-SiC also crystallized from SiO〓C〓 provided carbon content of the starting polysiloxane was high enough, while β-SiC crystallized from SiC〓.

当热解温度达1000℃时，聚合物先驱体的无机化过程已基本完成，其陶瓷转化率值趋于稳定，此时聚硅氧烷的热解产物为非晶态的氧碳化硅，聚碳硅烷的热解产物则为含过量碳的非化学计量比的非晶态碳化硅；随着热解温度的升高，非晶态热解产物的结构逐步调整，发生无序→有序的相变，以至析晶。

Two polysiloxanes (SR2 and P67) and one polycarbosilane were chosen as preceramic polymers. TG-DTA-MS, FT-IR, XRD,〓Si MAS-NMR, SEM, TEM, SAD, HREM, chemical analysis and density measurement techniques were used to study the cross-linking and pyrolysis mechanisms of the preceramic polymers. The development of chemical composition and structure, density, phase composition and microstructure of the solid pyrolyzed products during pyrolysis process were systematically investigated. While pyrolysis temperature approached 1000℃, ceramization process of the preceramic polymers almost completed, and ceramic yield of the preceramic polymers hardly changed any more.

选取了两种聚硅氧烷（SR2和P67）和一种聚碳硅烷作为聚合物先驱体，利用TG-DTA-MS、FT-IR、XRD、〓SiMAS-NMR、SEM、TEM、SAD、HREM以及化学成分分析、密度测量等手段，研究了聚合物先驱体的固化机理；以N〓为热解气氛，系统地考察了各种聚合物先驱体在热解过程中，其热解产物的化学成分和结构、密度、相组成及显微结构的演变规律。

In this paper,the relation between the thermal endu- rance of insulation and the exposure temperature is analyzed from the point of view of chemical dynamics.

本文从化学动力学的观点分析了各种情况下绝缘的热老化寿命与温度的关系，通过二种绝缘漆的热老化试验研究了温度、热冲击、潮湿对热老化寿命的影响，并在涤纶薄膜的热老化过程中测定了电性与机械性能的变化。

In this thesis, by the means of calefactive oxidation test of coal samples, the characteristics of different samples spontaneous combustion are analyzed; the infrared spectrum is assimilated to review the rule that coal function corps change in the process of coal low-temperature oxidation ; by the means of thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimeter, the kinetic function of coal low-temperature oxidation in spontaneous combustion process are analyzed , depend on the device, the mathematical model of coal spontaneous combustion is developed, the model are dealt with, Finally, the temperature field and the velocity field with velocity of the entry flow is got.

论文通过煤的低温氧化和自燃过程，实验研究了煤的低温氧化气体产物特征和变化规律，研究得出了煤的低温氧化过程中气体生成量与氧气消耗量与煤温之间的指数关系式；在煤的低温自热氧化过程中，对煤的官能团等化学结构的变化研究，揭示了煤炭低温自热氧化化学基团变化规律；采用非等温TG和DSC法研究了烟煤低温氧化动力学，得出了煤低温氧化分布活化能及煤低温氧化机理函数的变化规律；建立了煤低温氧化自热数学模型，并对该模型进行数值解算，可得煤样的温度场与速度场随入口风量变化情况。

The thesis also discussed the synthetic influence of above factors on dynamic diagenesis in detail and graded dynamic diagenesis into three types, which were respectively thermally dynamic diagenesis, tectonically dynamic diagenesis and hydrokinetic diagenesis, and then the types of diagenesis controlled by dynamic factors had been studied: 1 thermally dynamic diagenesis, clarified the ration relationship by the conception of the thermally evolving track and the thermally maturity, 2 tectonically dynamic diagenesis, changed the porosity of reservoir mainly by tectonically movement;3 . hydrokinetic diagenesis, changed the physical and chemical properties resist-press intensity of the rock by the participating of liquid.

在研究以上控制因素的基础上，将成岩动力作用分为热动力、构造动力、流体动力成岩作用三种类型：1、热动力成岩作用，运用热演化轨迹和热成熟度的概念研究与成岩作用之间的定量关系，砂岩孔隙度随热成熟度增加而呈指数减小；2、构造动力成岩作用，盆地构造变形可以使砂岩的孔隙体积在相对短的时间内产生明显的变化，构造滑脱推覆作用比水平侧向挤压作用压实减孔量小，可保留更多的孔隙度；3、流体动力成岩作用，化学成岩反应是在流体参与下完成的，它改变了岩石的物理化学性质，改变了岩石的抗压强度。

Experiment results show as follows in the processing of semiconductor etching, chemical heat centers in the semiconductor material, and is convected gradiently in all directions; the vertical heat convection velocity is obviously swifter than the horizontal; the process of heat convection can be real- timely recorded, and the heat convection situation can be gotten in any small area at any time by infrared camera which makes the analyse and understanding of heat convection characteristic in the processing of wet etching more intuitionistic.

实验结果表明：在半导体腐蚀过程中，化学热以半导体材料为中心，向四周梯度状对流；向上的热对流速率明显大于水平的热对流速率；红外热像仪可以实时纪录热对流过程，并获得任意时刻、任意小区域的热对流情况，使得对湿法腐蚀过程中热对流特性的分析和理解更加直观。

Database of physical and chemical properties for solid wastes were constructed through investigation for single typical component and their mixture of solid wastes. The particulate trajectory model and heat transfer model were developed, based on the studies of Characteristics of solid wastes movement and heat mass transfer in rotary kiln. Pyrolysis experiments of solid wastes in lab and pilot scale rotary kiln pyrolyzers were performed. Mechanism of pyrolysis for typical solid wastes was analyzed. The characteristics of pyrolytic products, such as physical and chemical properties, composition and combustibility, etc, were investigated. A neural network model for the prediction of yields and properties of pyrolysis products was developed. Then, the potential applications of pyrolytic products and the substitution of pyrolytic fuels for corresponding commercial furls were investigated. The optimization of energy recovery and utilization for different wastes through pyrolysis was analyzed.

通过对典型固体废物组分及其混合物特性的分析，建立了固体废物的化学特性分析数据库，并据此进行了物理分类；对固体废物在回转窑内的运动和传热特性进行了研究，建立了固体物料的随机颗粒滚动理论模型和传热模型；在小型和中试回转式热解炉上进行了实验；对各种典型固体废物在回转窑内的热解机理和主要热解产物的性质进行了研究；利用神经网络等方法建立了各典型固体废物的热解产物的产率及特性的数学预测模型；对固体废物热解产物的物性、成分、燃烧特性等开展了研究，分析了其与现有商业燃料匹配的可能性；对热解产物的多种应用性能进行了研究，对不同废物热解中的能源回收和利用进行了优化分析。

The thermatic fibrous sepiolites are ones of rich Magnesium,richened with Magnesium,silicon and few Aluminum,and the sedimentary clayey sepiolites are ones of rich Aluminum,have lower Magnesium,Silicon and higher Aluminum.

本文通过两种不同成因海泡石化学成分特征的研究发现，热液型海泡石和沉积型海泡石的化学组成有较大差异，热液型纤维状海泡石MgO、SiO2含量高，Al2O3含量低，为富镁海泡石；沉积型粘土状海泡石MgO、SiO2含量低，Al2O3含量高，为富铝海泡石。

In the impact feeling8.0N/m water cannot lay aside surpasses for 120 hours Cannot put inis loaded with the aqua fortis and in the strong sulfuric acid liquiddips After cannot achieve 10 minutes dangerous behaviors the chemicalreaction the detonation Cleanly washes using the clear water Lattercoolly does The product design has may transfer the size the livegrommet Finger when operation cuts through a revolution is thebedding bag is tight When does not operate So long as rotates thefinger about then may the automatic pine open the snare The safeconvenience is simple Pure natural not any to cancer chemistry dyeand chemistry pigment In the watery solution achieved the certaintime may change color the putrefication environmental protectionmaterial quality May pull outside the pulling force scope Thestandard general string YOYO ball string, the long ball string, theshaky ball string, slides the ball string.

单手冲力达到20kg的爱好者。3， 21stx12x2适合双手拉力达到50kg。可运行时间达3000小时。抗冲击力达到50kg每秒。最高时速3000公里。单手冲力达到40kg的爱好者。产品遇火即燃烧。熔点176.2oC生成热-573KJ/kg。爆热5343kj/kg。燃点180oC。冲击感度8.0N/m水中不能放置超过120小时。绝不能放入装有浓硝酸和浓硫酸的液体中浸洗。更不能达到10分钟之危险行为的化学反应后爆轰。清洁应用清水洗涤。后凉干。产品设计有可以调动大小的活绳圈。手指在操作时穿进一转即被套紧。如不操作时。只要把手指左右转动一下便可以自动松开圈套。安全方便简单。纯天然没有任何至癌的化学染料和化学色素。在水溶液中达到一定时间可变色腐化的环保材质。在拉力范围外可拉断。的标准通用绳子。

Thermodynamic analysis and chemical vapor deposition of pyrolytic carbon on the surface of needle-like goethite in a flow reactor were carried out.

采用流动反应器研究了丙烯热解和在铁黄颗粒表面生成热解炭的化学热力学以及化学气相沉积过程。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。