热化学

With some examples, the correlat ions between the thermal expansion coefficients of minerals and the types of cr ystal structures, the nature of chemical bonds, the valencies of ions , the interionic distances, the percentage ionic characters, the electronic conf igurations of ions and the chemical compositions are discussed and summarised . The crystal chemistry approach has been used in the calculation of the th ermal expansion coefficients for minerals with simple structures and composition s.

晶体化学方法是研究矿物热膨胀系数的有效方法，但由于矿物的热膨胀系数和晶体化学参数之间的定量关系尚未完全弄清，目前仅仅能对简单结构矿物的热膨胀系数进行计算，结构、成分较复杂的矿物的热膨胀系数计算尚缺乏好的晶体化学模型。

In this study,TGA and self-made vacuum pyrolysis apparatus were used to detect the characteristics of biomass pyrolysis liquation and the rules of preparation of activated carbon under vacuum.The seven kinds of common agricultural and forestry waste biomass were from Yiyang. The main contents studied are as follows:(1) TGA was used to detect the influence of biomass species and heating rate on the pyrolysis reaction.

本研究采用真空热重分析仪和自制的真空热解实验装置，对益阳地区7种农林废弃生物质进行了真空热重、真空热解液化和真空化学活化等实验研究，以探讨生物质真空热解特性行为和生物质真空化学活化法制备活性炭的规律等，主要内容包括以下几个方面：(1)对7种生物质进行了真空热重分析，考察了不同生物质原料、升温速率对生物质真空热解反应的影响。

Schorl in the granite and dravite in carbonatite are respectively related to the magmatic fluid and basin fluid, while the tourmaline with optical and chemical zones in vein ore is mainly due to the mix of post-magmatic hydrothermal solution and basin fluid; The chemical composition variety of garnet in the horizontal zones are mainly related to the post-magmatic hydrothermal solution and the accessorial fluid from sedimentary basin.

不同产状的电气石及其环带状结构分别与来自岩浆期后热液和盆地流体及其混合所产生的"化学振荡"作用有关；在夕卡岩水平分带中，石榴石化学成分的变化除与岩浆热液在演化过程中自身的物理-化学条件发生变化外，可能还与岩浆热液在对围岩进行渗滤交代的过程中有盆地流体的加入有关。

In the present work poly is prepared by chemical vapor deposition polymerization from [2.2] paracyclophane. Thermal gravimetrical analysis is used to study the thermal degradation. It is found that the onset of thermal degradation of poly in air is much lower than that in N2 due to the existence of O2 in the air.

用化学气相沉积聚合法制备了聚对亚苯基二亚甲基膜，由傅立叶变换红外光谱图证实了其化学结构采用热重分析研究了PPX的热降解性能，结果表明，在空气氛围中由于氧气的参与，其热稳定性比在N2中差，热氧化降解明显。

Synthesizing new compounds are always the goal of chemist. Recent ly, the progress of the hydrothermal synthesis method is giving a new method to synthesize new compounds. The hydrothermal synthesis method is prefectly applied to synthesizing the tunnling materials, micro-and meso-porous mat erials as well as some new materials, so this method obtained the intrest of che mist.

中文题名含有杂原子的金属－氧簇(V，Mo，W，P，As)的合成与结构副题名外文题名论文作者李亚丰导师裘式纶教授学科专业无机化学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位吉林大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数70，68页关键词金属－氧簇化学多酸化学无机合成化学馆藏号BSLW /2003 /O611 /3 合成新结构和新组成的化合物一直是化学家们的目标，近代水热合成技术的发展为合成亲新化合物提供了一种新的方法，水热由于在合成具有孔道结构、微介孔材料以及一其它一些新型材料具有其它方法无可比拟的优越性，因此，越来越受到人们的重视。

The results show that the TSR reaction occurred at 425℃~525℃ with MgO, C, H2S, CO2, and a series of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfoethers, and thiophenes as the main products.

结果表明，硫酸盐热化学还原反应在425℃~525℃可以进行，主要生成氧化镁、炭、硫化氢、二氧化碳以及硫醇、硫醚和噻吩类等有机硫化物。

A review of our research work is given in this paper. It is about strengthening mechanism; surface trobology; resistance in wear, oxidation and corrosion; thermal atom chemistry in steel during ion implantation; silicides synthesis.

综合评述了本课题组在金属离子注入钢强化机理、表面摩擦学、抗磨损特性、离子注入表面热化学效应、硅化物合成、表面抗氧化和抗腐蚀研究中所取得的新的实验结果。

Refineries. Other fuel-related research is evaluating greater use of ethanol in gasoline, removal of unwanted byproducts from fuel, identification of more effective refinery catalysts, potential molecular-level enhancements to fuel blends, and thermo-chemically converting cellulosic biomass – wood, corn stover and switch grass – into bio-oil.

其他相关燃料的研究正在评估在汽油中更多地使用乙醇，从燃料里移出不必要的副产品，确认更有效的炼油催化剂，对混合燃料增强潜在的分子水平以及用热化学法将纤维素生物质-木材，玉米秸秆和开关草-转化成生物油。

Then quality upgrading scheme was explored in order to solve the high content of sulphur and nitrogen in pyrolytic oil, low flash point as well. Yields of pyrolysis of scrap tires in a pilot-scale rotary kiln under 550℃were firstly summarized. Then elemental composition and physiochemical properties were analyzed on both pyrolytic crude oil and its fractions. Based on these researches, the feasibility that pyrolytic oil is used as fuel was discussed. From FT-IR spectra the functional group compounds were generally acquainted, and by column chromatography analysis chemical compositions were clearly known. Then through GC analysis the absolute content of BTX in pyrolytic crude oil was defined.

本文首先考察了中试回转窑550℃下的废轮胎热解产率及热解原油的元素组成和理化特性，对其作为燃料使用的可行性进行了分析；通过实沸点蒸馏研究了轻质、中质馏分热解油的基本特性：红外分析得出了有代表性馏分热解油的大致官能团组成形式，对热解油的强芳香性和部分不饱和性有了整体了解；化学族组成分析进一步了解了热解油内在化学族组成和含量，对热解油的内在性质有了更为深入理解；气相色谱分析对热解油中富含的苯、甲苯和二甲苯进行绝对定量，为热解油提取BTX化工原料的经济性提供了参考。

Hot cathode glow discharge chemical vapor deposition is a new method to deposit high quality diamond films with high deposition rate.

中文题名热阴极辉光放电及其等离子体化学气相沉积金刚石膜研究副题名外文题名 Study of hot cathode glow discharge and its plasma chemical vapor deposition of diamond films 论文作者白亦真导师金曾孙教授学科专业凝聚态物理研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位吉林大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数139，10页关键词金刚石膜薄膜制备热阴极辉光放电等离子体化学气相沉积馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TB43 /1 热阴极辉光放电等离子体化学气相沉积是我们建立的快速沉积高品质金刚石膜的新方法。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。