热化

Investigations and experiments indicate that charring ablator s provide the most efficient thermal protection shield for the re-entry vehicles.

载人飞船返回舱的烧蚀热防护技术研究和试验表明，碳化烧蚀材料是再入飞行器最有效的热防护层。

The general condition for athermalizing an optical system when the object surface is at finite or infinite distance is deduced in this paper, and the principle and design method of employing a diffractive optical element to athermalize and achromatize an optical system with normalized T-C chart are expanded.

推导了物面位于有限远和无限远时，实现热补偿的通用条件；并阐述了利用归化T-C 图设计消热差和消色差的红外光学系统的原理和方法。

It has been shown that penicillin amidase was very susceptible to the change of temperature, extremely apt to deactivate in the buffer; while the thermostability of enzyme could be improved by an average of 2～4 times in the reversed micelles.

结果表明，青霉素酰化酶对温度非常敏感，在水溶液中极易失活，而经反胶团包埋后，其热稳定性有很大程度的提高，热失活明显减少。

At the same temperature, k〓 in the reversed micelles was always less than k＇〓 in the buffer. According to the thermodynamic analysis for inactivation of penicillin amidase in the reversed micelles, the free energy of activation was increased by 2. 71%, while the entropies and enthalpies of activation were decreased, corresponding to 63. 9% and 76. 9% of that in pure buffer respectively.

由热力学分析可知，青霉素酰化酶在AOT/异辛烷反胶团中的热失活过程，与水溶液中相比，活化自由能△G〓增加了2.71％，而活化熵△S〓和活化焓△H〓分别减小为原来的63.9％、76.9％，从而使酶热稳定性平均提高了2～4倍。

Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049;4.Institute of Archaeology; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Beijing 100710; China;The fabrication technologies in terms of phase composition,structure,firing temperature,porosity,density and water permeability of ceramic water pipes and contrastive ceramic tilesexcavated from Anyang Yin Ruins of Shang dynasty were studied by X-ray fluorescence,X-ray diffraction and dilatometer,respectively.It was found that the contents of CaO,K2O,MgO and P2O5 in CWP were relatively higher than those in contrastive CT.The difference was further confirmed by the mass ratio of flux...

采用X射线荧光、X射线衍射、热膨胀等分析手段对比研究了安阳商代陶水管的制作工艺，发现陶水管化学成分中各类熔剂的质量分数均略高于对比陶片中熔剂的质量分数，CaO、K2O、MgO等助熔剂与A l2O3的质量比进一步证实该现象，而这种差异性则外在地表现为陶水管的气孔度低于对比陶片以及陶水管热膨胀曲线中出现玻璃化现象，该结果表明陶水管原料应为一种易熔粘土，或者在沉淀粘土中人为地掺和了草木灰类掺和料，这有利于陶水管烧制与成型，有助于熔剂在熔融状态下，较好地进入陶水管中的空隙，使陶水管变得更加致密，一定程度上有利于防止陶水管的渗水，显示出陶水管制作工艺的特殊性。

The results indicate that the effect of alloying elements V and Cr on mechanical properties at room-temperature, creep behavior and microstructures are similar. With increasing contents of V and Cr, their mechanical properties produce little change, the creep resistant property decreases and microstructure grows, which is mainly due to their characteristics of β-stability element and smaller atomic radius compared with Ti. On the contrary, the effects of V and Cr on the thermal stability are quite different. With increasing V content or decreasing Cr content the thermal stability for the alloy becomes better, which may be due to the different solution characteristics of V and Cr element in titanium alloy that V belongs to isomorphous β-stability element and Cr belongs to eutectoid β-stability element.

结果表明：合金元素V和Cr对Ti40合金室温力学性能、蠕变行为和组织的影响具有相似性，即随V和Cr含量的降低，合金室温综合力学性能变化不明显、抗蠕变能力减弱、组织粗化：这与V和Cr同属于β稳定元素、且原子半径都小于Ti原子有关；而V和Cr对于热稳定性能的影响则完全相反，V含量的增加或Cr含量的降低含金热稳定性能优化，其主要原因可能与V属于同品型β稳定元素而Cr属于共析型β稳定元素有关。

The one-dimension discrete ordinates theoretical model, which is applied to study the characteristics of slowing-down materials used to construct the epithermal neutron filter at XPR, is for the first time developed in our country. The results show that the one-dimension discrete ordinates code ANISN is successful for studying properties of moderator.

其次，开发、修改了国际通用屏蔽计算程序ANISN，在国内首次建立慢化材料特性分析的一维离散坐标计算模型，研究了西安脉冲堆超热中子过滤器所需慢化材料的特性，结果表明，采用一维离散坐标程序ANISN来分析慢化材料的特性是成功的。

Photoelectric materials with organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite structure are novel molecular-scale composites through organic and inorganic compounds self-assembling.The layered perovskite framework comprised of metal halide octahedra provides a distinct set of advantages including good electrical mobility, mechanical and thermal stability,while organic component offers a number of useful properties including structural diversity and ease of processing et al.

有机/无机杂化钙钛矿结构光电功能材料是通过有机分子与无机分子的自组装形成的一类新型的分子复合晶体材料，无机金属卤化物构成的钙钛矿结构提供了有序的载流子传输网络并提高杂化材料的机械稳定性和热稳定性，而有机组份的功能性和易加工性使杂化材料具有光电功能和大面积成膜性能。

The thesis are divided into two parts. In the first part, we used 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as the precursor to react with sodium which have been achieved by decomposing sodium hydrate at 623 K. At a low reaction temperature of 623 K, carbon nitride nanosphere、porous carbon nitride material and byproduct sodium chloride, would be produced.

本研究将分成两部份，第一部分是在低温下(623 K)将氢化钠粉末热裂解，生成表面积较大的熔融态金属钠，使气态的氰尿醯氯通入与熔融态金属钠在623 K反应，生成奈米氮化碳球、奈米孔洞性氮化碳材料及副产物氯化钠。

Liao source building glass products cover a number of types of building glass, the existing production lines, including two of the level of steel line, two lines of bending steel, a Low-E glass fiber reinforced plastic of line, two folders plastic glass production line, a hollow glass production line A GLAZE glass production lines, two bending glass production line, two one-step color folder folder wire glass production lines, three bilateral milling machine, automatic glass cutting machine Paul Quintero, many Units milling machine, positioning drilling machine, different line milling machine, Beveling machine, such as production equipment.

燎源建筑玻璃产品涵盖了多个种类的建筑用玻璃，现有生产线包括两条水平钢化线、两条弯钢化线、一条Low-E玻璃钢化线、两条夹胶玻璃生产线、一条中空玻璃生产线、一条彩釉玻生产线、两条热弯玻璃生产线、两台一步法彩夹夹丝玻璃生产线、三台双边磨边机、全自动保特罗玻璃切割机，多台磨边机、定位钻孔机、异行磨边机、斜边机等生产设备。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。