热力学温度

In order to set up a CA model that has a better physical significance, a new second criterion, considering the effects of the thermodynamic mechanism and the activation energy, was appended for the transition of cellular state. The grain growth processes were investigated for different temperatures and activation energies, respectively.

摘 要：为建立一个具有更好物理基础的晶粒长大仿真模型，采用CA法，基于热力学和能量机制，提出元胞取向状态转变的二次判断方式，制定相应的转变规则，并对不同温度和材料迁移激活能条件下晶粒长大过程进行模拟研究。

The phase equilibrium of linear molecule,ethane,has been simulated by using the NVT canonical ensemble Monte Carlo method,and the thermodynamic properties of the system including chemical potentials ?temperature?density?pressure,etc.

用恒NVT正则系综MonteCarlo方法模拟线形分子—乙烷的相平衡，得出化学势、温度、密度、压力等热力学数据。

The main conclusions and results are detailed below:(1) The factors affecting explosion limits such as temperature, pressure, explosion vessel size, spark ignition energy, inert gas etc, are analyzed according to the theory of chemical reaction dynamics, combustion and engineering thermodynamics.

主要工作如下：(1)根据化学反应动力学、燃烧学和工程热力学的基础理论，从本质上定性的分析了爆炸极限的影响因素，包括温度、压力、爆炸容器的大小、点火能量大小以及惰性气体等，得出了这些影响因素对爆炸极限的影响规律。

Based on thermodynamics and experiments,the temperature range for dephosphorization was obtained.

将热力学计算与现场试验相结合，确定了该法的脱磷期控制温度范围。

This makes more and more people pay more attention to studies and applications of numerical simulation in thermal recovery. In this research, we have developed a reliable mathematical model for thermal recovery, which takes a full consideration of the effect of viscos, gravitical and capillary forces on the three-phase flow of gas, water and oil, the effect of the temperature on the medium characteristics of liquid and solid, the phase equilibrium of gas-liquid in each component, heat transportation including connection, conduction and radiation as well as heat losses in both the overburn and underlying strata. In the space discreation of the mathematical model, we have proposed a new method based on the improvement of the conventional nine-points difference approximation, which has a higher difference accurancy.

本项研究以热力采油的主要机理为基础，充分考虑在粘性力、重力和毛管力作用下油水气三相流动，考虑温度对各种流体和固体介质物性的影响，考虑每一组分中汽液两相的相平衡，考虑热在地层中的传导、对流和辐射以及上下盖层的热损失，利用热力学第一定律、质量守恒定律和流体迁移定律，建立了正确可靠的注蒸汽数学模型；在对数学模型进行空间离散时，利用控制有限体积积分法，对以往的九点差分近似作了合理的改进，使其具有较高的差分近似精度：结果表明，该公式的近似精度要比以往文献中所给的九点差分近似精度高，可以认为，在油藏数值模拟中，如果遇到非均质情况，使用这种九点差分近似更合理。

The effects of reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure, and hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio (H2/HC) on the hydroconversion of methylcyclopentane over Pt/HZSM-5 have been investigated in a fixedbed downflow reactor.

在连续流固定床反应装置上，考察了反应温度、压力及氢烃摩尔比等条件对甲基环戊烷临氢转化反应活性及扩环反应选择性的影响；结合反应评价结果和热力学分析，探讨了Pt/HZSM-5催化作用下MCP的扩环反应规律。

The feasibility of the SHS reaction was determined consequently, the combustion products and the solidification process of molten Cu and Cr were analyzed and calculated elementally.

通过对CuO-Cr2O3-Al反应体系的绝热温度计算及热力学分析，确定该体系自蔓延反应进行的可行性，并对反应后液态金属Cu和金属Cr的冷凝过程进行了初步的分析与计算。

The temperature measured by the double line of atomic emission spectroscopy was compared to the results measured by thermal couple under the condition of thermal equilibrium of blackbody furnace.

在黑体炉炉膛达到热力学平衡状态下，进行原子发射双谱线法和热电偶测温的对比实验，结果两种方法所测温度相关性较好，实验证明了该方法的可行性。

Based on the thermodynamic analysis of heat transfer process between water jet and the blade surface, the differential equations of heat convection and differential equation of steady heat conduction between water jet and the blade surface are established. Power expression of heat exchange and temperature field expression of the blade are derived.

根据对水射流与刀片间传热过程的热力学分析分别建立了水射流与刀片表面对流换热微分方程组和热源与刀片间的稳态导热微分方程，推导出水射流对刀片的换热功率表达式和刀片内温度场表达式。

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。