热力学温度

The isobaric volumetric thermal expansion with rising temperature is determined according to the Classic Statistic Dynamics theory.

温度效应可以通过与温度和晶体势场相关的晶格平衡位置位移的热力学概率而引入热膨胀的计算中。

A thermodynamic formula is presented to measure the value of Q and the temperature change in thermodynamic equilibrium for the biosphere in the broad sense. On the basis of experimental data, it is found that, in theory, the heat released by the use of fossil fuels and nuclear energy raises the global sea level by 35 mm per year or raises the temperature in the atmospheric troposphere by 0.11 ℃ per year.

给出了广义生物圈的热平衡测量Q值和温度变化的热力学公式，并在实际数据的基础上通过计算发现人类使用矿物燃料和核能所排放的热量理论上可使全球海平面每年升高35 mm或者可使大气对流层温度每年升高011 ℃。

Then, the analytical expressions of average susceptibilities for Pauli paramagnetism of the system in different temperature region are derived by calculating susceptibilities Xp in the limit of thermodynamics at different temperatures.

然后通过计算热力学极限下不同温度范围的磁化率χp，得到不同温度范围内的有限粒子数理想费米系统泡利顺磁性平均磁化率的解析式。

It's form is the contribution of the Reynolds stress tensor and magnetic fluctuating tensor.

主要的表现是：第一，Reynolds stress 张量和磁扰动张量的径向分量贡献给压强，引起太阳内部流体静力学平衡方程和太阳内部热力学变量的改变，从而导致温度、密度、内能、绝热指数以及绝热温度梯度等的变化。

This means that a state function, such as specific internal energy, is a property that always has a value; it may therefore be expressed mathematically as a function of other thermodynamic properties, such as temperature and pressure, or temperature and density, and its values may be identified with point on a graph.

这意味着，一个国家的功能，如具体的内部能源，是一种财产，始终有一个价值；因此，可以作为一种数学表达功能的其他热力学性质，如温度和压力，或温度和密度，其值可识别点图表。

Under the model of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the electronic temperature of Cu plasma are deduced to be in the 104 scale by the relative line intensities.

在局部热力学平衡条件近似下，根据谱线的相对强度，得到了等离子体电子温度约在 104K以上，给出了靶面附近电子温度和谱线半高全宽的空间演化规律。

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

On grounds of thermodynamical analysis,a concept of transition temperature of oxi- dation has been introduced,and methods of calculating the transition temperature with either the two-steps- or the one-step-method are presented.

利用热力学分析提出氧化的转化温度的概念，并指出二步及一步计算该温度的方法。

The study showed that the biosorption process could be described well by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model.Higher cell concentration was favorable to the biosorption.Temperature's effect on the biosorption was not obvious.The oxygenous and nitrogenous functional groups on the cell wall played a very important role in the process of biosorption.Microdeposits were formed by int...

结果表明，菌体对银的吸附量可达91.75 mg/g，吸附过程符合Pseudo-second Order吸附动力学模型，相关系数高达0.999 9；吸附热力学很好地符合Freundlich吸附等温模型，相关系数为0.99；考察菌体浓度和温度对吸附的影响发现，菌体浓度增加有利于对银离子的吸附，温度对吸附影响较小；FTIR、SEM及EDAX实验结果表明吸附存在2种吸附机理，一为菌体表面一些含氮氧的基团对Ag+的络合作用，二为菌体分泌的胞外多糖等物质对Ag+的微沉淀成晶作用。

In addition, the formation of liquid crystalline glass of thermotropic polymers was analyzed on the basis of thermodynamics and kinetics.

并在热力学与动力学共同作用的基础上，讨论了热致型液晶聚合物液晶玻璃态的形成，提出了固化温度大于结晶温度是液晶玻璃态产生的必要条件。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。