热力学

In this paper, old research modes of fluidization are broken through.

本文突破了流态化理论研究的传统框架，首次把流态化系统作为一个热力学系统，用非平衡态热力学、耗散结构以及两相流体动力学等理论的。。。

To control the interface reactions of SiC/Al composites effectively during preparation, the paper summarized the possible interface reactions. Based on Gibbs-Helmholtz equation and thermodynamic equilibrium of chemical reactions, used the basic thermodynamic data, the paper also calculated the variable Gibbs free energy of the reactions under the different temperature.

为有效控制SiC/Al复合材料制备过程中的界面反应，分析了SiC/Al复合材料可能发生的界面反应，并基于Gibbs-Helmholtz方程式和化学反应的热力学平衡条件，应用基本热力学数据，计算了反应标准Gibbs自由能随温度的变化值。

A relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates is discussed and it is found that the first law of thermodynamics and the equation of state of an ideal gas are invariant with respect to the relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates , so that the existence of relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates is reasonable.

讨论了一个涉及热力学的广义坐标的相对论变换，发现热力学第一定律和理想气体状态方程对广义坐标的相对论变换具有不变性，表明广义坐标的相对论变换有其存在的理由

Therefore, the constructed model may violate thermodynamics theory or be unknown, which results in unrealistic biochemical reactions. This study proposes a two-objective optimization approach to estimation of kinetic parameters for modeling metabolic pathways and its application to muscle glycogenolysis.

由於代谢过程之中的动力学参数之间存在著热力学限制以及反应代谢物的Gibbs生成自由能会决定反应平衡常数，使用这类参数值所建成的模型可能未遵守热力学原理，导致不真实的生化反应。

This paper conducts a detailed analysis and comparison of thermodynamic performance of refrigeration cycles using mixed refrigerant s and single compressor with finite low temperature heat reservoir.

通过深入分析和比较各种单级压缩混合工质节流制冷循环在低温热源为有限大热源时的热力学性能，揭示了不同循环型式之间的内在热力学关系，阐明了该类节流制冷机能够实现深度制冷的内在原因是利用了制冷机的内部热交换来减少节流制冷机所固有的节流过程的不可逆损失，并用实验进行了验证。

Then, on the basis of above achieved constituent binary results, thermodynamic properties of 10 ternary liquid alioys (Cd-Bi-Pb, Cd-Pb-Sb, Cd-Pb-Sn, Mg-In-Cd, Zn-In- Cd, Cd-Bi-Sn, In-Bi-Pb, Sn-AgPb,Zn-In.Pb, Al-Cu-Zn), 3 quaternary ones (Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn, Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi, Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb) and 1 quinary. one (Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi) are predicted. For most of investigated multicomponent systems, the calculated activities are in good with the experimental ones, and in particular for multicompoment immiscible ones, the predicted results are satisfactory and exciting. At the same time, the comparison result between the three equations shows that Wilson equation and T-K-Wilson one are more stable than NRTL one, that maybe is because NRTL equation contains a third parameter, and so ,to some degree, Wilson model and T-K-Wilson model are superior to NRTL model. And also the comparison between local composition models and other models such as Pelton- Flengas?method, Krupkowski formalism, mass action concentration model and Hoch- Arpshofen model shows that local composition models are more convenient and credible.

在此基础之上应用局部组成型模型对10个三元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb、Cd-Pb-Sb、Cd-Pb-Sn、Mg-In-Cd、Zn-In-Cd、Cd-Bi-Sn、In-Bi-Pb、Sn-Ag-Pb、Zn-In-Pb、Al-Cu-Zn），3个四元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn、Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi、Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb）和1个五元液态合金（Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi）的活度进行了预测，预测效果良好，尤其对Zn-In-Pb系和Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb等多元液-液共存体系热力学性质的预测也取得了令人满意的结果；同时对三个方程的比较分析表明：Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程在多元系热力学性质的预测中表现稳定，而NRTL方程由于引入了物理意义不清楚的第三参数，使得其具有不确定性和不稳定性的特点，因此Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程较NRTL方程更为优越；此外对局部组成型模型与其它模型（如Pelton-Flengas方程、Krupkowski方程、作用浓度模型和Hoch-Arpshofen模型）的比较表明：局部组成型模型同样是优秀的，甚至在某些方面更为简便和可靠。

Based on the microthermometry and thermodynamic parameters of fluid inclusions in the Shuiyingdong Au deposit, we have studied the thermodynamic conditions of the immiscibility of the oreforming fluids.

通过对水银洞金矿床中流体包裹体的观测和热力学参数计算，探讨了成矿流体不混溶的热力学条件。

Progress in preparation and electrochemical properties of lithium intercalation-detercalation of layered molybdenum trioxide s has been introduced.

三氧化钼具有独特的层状结构，主要以三种相态存在：热力学稳定的正交相、热力学介稳的单斜相和六方相。

The system at higher temperature becomes thermodynamically more stable, and raises the diffusion exchange rate of solvent and nonsolvent at the interface according to the diffusion kinetics. For the PANCMA/DMSO/ system, with the addition of DMSO to nonsolvent, the cloud point curves shifts to the polymer-nonsolvent axis, and the homogeneous phase region is broadened, system becomes thermodynamically more stable and needs more nonsolvent mixture to induce liquid-liquid phase separation.

通过浊点滴定，结合LCP半经验关系，可以得到制膜体系PANCMA/溶剂/非溶剂的三元相图浊点线，考察其相分离过程中的热力学性质，同时考察了溶剂和非溶剂双向扩散传质动力学，从体系热力学和动力学性质出发为PANCMA中空纤维膜的制备以及解释最终的膜结构和性能提供理论依据。

Presently, the nucleation and growth mechanism of diamond hasnt been known completely. Thermodynamically, the nucleation and growth of diamond at low temperature and low pressure is still considered as a paralogism.

目前金刚石的热力学成核及生长机理尚不完全清楚，金刚石在低温低压下的成核和生长，仍被认为是一种热力学的"悖论"。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。