热力学

Temperature, Simple Thermodynamic System, Work, heat and First Law of Thermodynamics, Ideal Gases, Engines, Refrigerators, and The Second Law of Thermodynamics, Reversibility and the Kelvin Temperature Scale, Entropy, Pure Substances, Phase Transitions, Statistical Mechanics, thermal Properties of Solids, Higher-Order Phase Transitions: Critical Phenomena.

温度、简单热力学系、功、热及热力学第一定律、理想气体、热机、致冷机及热力学第二定律、可逆性与Kelvin 温标、Entropy、纯物质、相转变、统计力学、固体的热性质、高阶相转变：临界现象。

In order to ensure the reasonable modeling method for thermodynamics model, by adopting these four kinds of models and the reference model, the typical thermodynamics characteristic in drum-the dynamic process of"false level"were dynamically simulated, the results of simulation indicate: The modeling method of considering the changing rates of pressure and volume simultaneously is more reasonable, it's simulation result can be consistent with the result of the reference model, and the numeric error is within±5%, so, this method can be used to build thermodynamics model of drum level.

为确定合适的热力学模型建模方法，采用这四种模型和参考模型，对汽包中典型的热力学性质-"虚假水位"现象的动态过程进行了动态仿真，结果表明：同时考虑汽包体积变化率和压力变化率的建模方法，其动态仿真结果完全可以正确地跟踪参考模型的仿真结果，并且数值误差在5%以内，故该建模方法可以用来建立汽包水位热力学模型。

Setting out from microstructure of the material and statistical thermodynamics, according to the mechanics

统计热力学从物质的微观结构和统计规律性出发，根据统计单位的力学性质，用统计的方法来推求体系的热力学性质，说明宏观热力学体系的本质。

Statistical thermodynamics connect the macroscopical nature of the system and micro nature, reflecting laws of the objective world

本课程主要内容有Maxwell—Boltzmann统计、量子统计的基本概念和应用、分子配分函数的概念及计算、分子配分函数和热力学函数的关系、热力学性质的计算、系综原理、统计热力学在物理化学中的应用。

Feldman examined some properties of CLMC and found that it is neither an intensive nor extensive thermodynamic variable, and proposed a simple alteration of CLMC that renders its extensive. However the remedy results in a quantity that is a trivial solution of the realizes compensatory form of density and not as a measure of structure.

David详细研究了CLMC 的特性，发现它既不是一个热力学集中变量也不是一个热力学扩张变量，并提出一种满足热力学扩张特性的补偿形式，但最后证明CLMC 只是熵密度的普通解，不能作为结构测度。

With the thermodynamic theory in physics-chemistry, the thesis creates and analyzes the following thermodynamic parameters reflecting the sorption characteristics of rough rice: A〓, net isosteric heat, binding energy and transfer potential and capacity of absorbed water.

稻谷内液相水及稻谷表面气相水可作为一个热力学体系，利用热力学基本理论，建立了水分活度、热差焓、吸附结合能、质传递势与质容量等热力学参数。

Scaling equality from thermodynamics is found, it is a progress of existent ending which is the derivation of inequality. This outcome represents the profound foundation of physics of scaling relations, and foreshows the possibility of explaining critical phenomena with thermodynamics.

结合实验分析，我们找到了由热力学得到标度律的方法，较已有的由热力学得到标度不等式的结果更前进一步，此结果表明标度关系有深刻的物理根源，预示着由热力学出发得出临界现象的解释的可能。

These specific absorption bands are in relation to the special energy levels.

人们经过十多年的时间，对钛酸盐纳米管的组成、形成机理和物理化学性能进行了大量的研究，但是到目前为止，研究者对其形成机理、可见光吸收等特殊光电性质的来源、结构稳定性等方面的认识尚不清楚，因此本论文对这些方面开展了如下研究：在第二章中我们从热力学的角度系统地研究了煅烧温度对钛酸盐纳米管形貌、结构稳定性和光学性能的影响，发现钛酸钠纳米管是热力学稳定的，而钛酸纳米管是热力学不稳定的。

The mechanism of carbonization process of aluminate solution was analyzed thermodynamically. The results show that the internal reason of precipitation of Al3 in the process is its spontaneous nucleation caused by supersaturation of aluminate solution. The behaviors of SiO2 in the process are in accordance with that from published experiment, which implies that the content of product SiO2 from carbonization depends on its solubility but is not the result of absorption. The thermodynamic calculation for forming Na2O·Al2O3·2CO2· n H2O was achieved.

摘 要：为对高浓度铝酸钠溶液碳酸化分解过程中产品杂质含量的控制提供理论依据，分析了铝酸钠溶液碳酸化分解过程的热力学，认为该过程中Al3析出的真正机理是过饱和铝酸钠溶液的自发结晶；而基于分解过程中平衡浓度的热力学计算表明，在碳酸化分解过程中SiO2的变化规律与公认的三段变化规律一致，说明该过程产品中SiO2的含量取决于它在溶液中的平衡浓度，而非吸附所致；同时还分析了丝钠铝石的形成热力学。

The gravitational thermodynamics of space-time foam is studied in Chapter 5 by one-loop quantum gravity and statistical thermodynamics. It is shown by further discussions of Hawking's results that Hawking-Unruh themal radiation should contain thermal gravitons or the contribution of quantum space-time foam. As a by-product, the one-loop quantum gravity correction to the classical black hole thermodynamics is also given.

我们在第五章用单圈量子引力和统计热力学探讨了时空泡沫的引力热力学，对Hawking的研究成果的进一步讨论表明，Hawking-Unruh热辐射应该还包含热引力子或量子时空泡沫的贡献，我们同时给出了单圈量子引力对经典黑洞热力学的校正。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。