烧结的

The preventive measures for the harmful defects of alkali metals are as follows: 1, reducing the alkali metals content in the raw materials; 2, increasing the MgO content of the sinter , decreasing the basicity of slag , decreasing the Si content of the pig iron, increasing relative slag volume; 3 , introducing prereduced ore pellets or partly reducted sinter; 4increasing the ability of coke resisting alkali metals; 5, using refractories that have the ability of resisting corrasion of alkali metals; 6 , cleaning the blast furnace periodically. The above recommendations are necessary for decreasing the circulation and accumulation of alkali metals effectively in blast furnace, reducing the harmful influence of alkali metals on blast furnace, increasing the smelting intensity, decreasing the coke rate, improving the gas permeability.

基于碱金属对高炉冶炼的上述危害，本文结合湘钢高炉的实际生产情况，通过理论分析、计算以及其他钢厂防治碱害的经验，提出防治高炉碱害的措施：1、减少入炉原、燃料的碱金属含量；2、提高烧结矿中的MgO含量、降低炉渣碱度、降低生铁含硅量、适当增加渣量；3、采用预还原的金属化球团或部分还原的烧结矿；4、提高焦炭的抗碱能力；5采用抗碱侵蚀的耐火材料；6、周期性性洗炉，以有效地减少碱金属在高炉内的循环富集，降低碱金属对高炉的危害，提高高炉的冶炼强度，降低焦比，改善高炉透气性。

It has been found that during the spark plasma sintering process, under the condition of large current, short sintering time and lower sintering temperature, the metastable icosahedron quasicrystal phase in primary powder particles is kept. And the strong discharge plasma among particles can decompose or break the oxide film on the primary powder's surface, resulting in the increment of their combination strength. So the as-prepared bulk alloy possesses high density and ultra-high strength.

结果表明，在放电等离子烧结过程中，采用大电流、短时、低温的烧结条件可使快冷雾化法制备的原始合金粉末中的准晶强化相及其它细小强化相得以保存，而局域强放电等离子体可以分解或破碎铝合金粉末表面的氧化膜，使合金粉末颗粒间的结合强度增加，制备出的块体铝合金具有高的致密度和超高强度。

The experimental results show that the content of SiC in RBSC increases with carbon content while α-SiC is chosen as a filler. However, the residual carbon would appear in specimens when the carbon content exceeds 30% by weight. Using carbon felt, the reaction-formed SiC particles are small and uniform in size and distribution. However, when carbon felt is impregnated with phenol resin, the reaction-formed SiC is nonuniform in size and distribution. X-ray diffraction shows that the fabricated RBSC is composed of α-SiC,β-SiC, and free Si. The polytype of SiC is related to the reaction-heat during sintering.

结果表明：选用α-SiC+C粉的混合物作为生坯，SiC相的体积分数随生坯中wC的增加而增加，但过大的wC将使硅化后的试样出现残碳；选用碳毡作为生坯，反应烧结碳化硅的显微组织特点是C／Si反应生成的碳化硅颗粒均匀细小，并呈线状分布在游离硅中；浸渍过树脂的碳毡硅化处理后的显微组织特点是反应生成的碳化硅颗粒粗大且呈不均匀分布。X射线衍射结果也表明，反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷由游离Si、α-SiC、β-SiC组成，试样中不同晶型碳化硅的出现与C／Si反应的放热过程有关。

The results show that increasing the solids loading of slurry up to 45% allows minimizing deformation of green sheets during drying and sintering process effectively. When the content of monomers in shurry is 2%-4%, and the content of plasticizer in shurry is 3%-6%, green sheets with good strength and flexibility are obtained. The microstructures and the electric characteristics of PTCR chip thermistors were investigated. A five-layer chip PTCR thermistor with room resistance of 0.8Ω, temperature coefficient of resistance of 13.40%/℃, and ratio of maximum to minimum of resistance larger than 10^5 is successfully fabricated.

研究表明：浆料固相体积分数对坯体的乾燥及烧结行为有较大影响，当浆料固相体积分数在45%以上时，可有效避免制品乾燥和烧结过程中收缩过大而产生的变形开裂缺陷；当有机单体的质量分数为2%~4%，丙三醇的体积分数为3%~6%时，可获得有一定强度和柔韧性的生坯；研究了注凝成型PTCR陶瓷的微观结构及陶瓷元件的PTCR性能，成功地制备了层数为5、室温电阻为0.8Ω、电阻温度系数为13.40%/℃、升阻比大於10^5的多层片式PTCR元件。

The results show that increasing the solids loading of slurry up to 45% allows minimizing deformation of green sheets during drying and sintering process effectively. When the content of monomers in shurry is 2%-4%, and the content of plasticizer in shurry is 3%-6%, green sheets with good strength and flexibility are obtained. The microstructures and the electric characteristics of PTCR chip thermistors were investigated. A five-layer chip PTCR thermistor with room resistance of 0.8 Ω, temperature coefficient of resistance of 13.40%/℃, and ratio of maximum to minimum of resistance larger than 105 is successfully fabricated.

研究表明：浆料固相体积分数对坯体的干燥及烧结行为有较大影响，当浆料固相体积分数在45%以上时，可有效避免制品干燥和烧结过程中收缩过大而产生的变形开裂缺陷；当有机单体的质量分数为2％~4%，丙三醇的体积分数为3％~6%时，可获得有一定强度和柔韧性的生坯；研究了注凝成型PTCR陶瓷的微观结构及陶瓷元件的PTCR性能，成功地制备了层数为5、室温电阻为0.8 Ω、电阻温度系数为13.40%/℃、升阻比大于105的多层片式PTCR元件。

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

Bubbling temperature direct affect the diameter and the distribution of bubbles; Bubblier is a main factor which influence the bubble structure of foam glass. To select different bubblier results in different craft. To add stabilizer directs affect the melt viscosity, besides superficial expansion.

在泡沫玻璃烧结过程中，发泡温度(760～950℃)影响泡径及气泡的分布状态；发泡剂是影响泡沫玻璃制品泡孔结构的主要因素，发泡剂不同，发泡时间不同，则气泡的泡径和开闭口的情况就不同；在泡沫玻璃烧结过程中，稳泡剂的加入直接影响粘度，粘度过高气泡不易产生，粘度过低气泡极易逸出，两者都不利于产生所要求数量的气泡；另外，表面张力和配料中的水对发泡也有一定的影响。

Although clad diamond prevent iron family elements from eroding diamond and improve the strength between matrix and diamond, there still are many problems in applying Fe-base formulae. After the adding amount of reinforced elements is determined, the effect of the basic elements of matrix on its comprehensive performance is studied. The results show that while wc content is 15%. Fe/Ni 1: 1, 663-Cu etc 50%, Sintering temperature 920℃, temperature kept time 1. 5 mintues, matrix comprehensive preformance is best.

尽管金刚石表面镀膜隔绝了铁族元素对金刚石的侵蚀和提高了胎体对金刚石的粘结强度，但以Fe代Co还存在胎体的综合机械性能等问题，本文试着从材料学的强化理论出发确定了微量元素的添加量之后，用正交试验设计方法研究了胎体的基本组元WC、Fe/Ni、663—Cu的加入量及烧结工艺对胎体综合机械性能的影响，得出在WC15%，Fe/Ni1：1，663—Cu等其它为50%，烧结温度920℃，保温时间为1.5分时胎体的综合机械性能最优。

The high temperature metallurgical properties of several burdens for Anyang steel were investigated. The results showed that RIof high basicity sinters was better than others, but the RDI(low temperature reduction degradation index) of it was the highest; the RDI and molten dripping property of pellets and lump ores were well, so we can get rational burden structure by combining sinters for blast furnace.

系统分析了安钢炼铁生产中几种常用炉料的高温冶金性能，结果表明，安钢自产高碱度烧结矿具有较好的还原性，但其低温还原粉化率却是最高的；酸性球团矿及块矿则有着较好的低温还原粉化指数及良好的熔滴性能，能够与高碱度烧结矿搭配形成合理的综合炉料结构，满足高炉冶炼要求。

Beginning with forming mechanics of seal medium, the character of magnetic fluid has been researched and magnetic fluid, which fits the demand, is made out. Then from the point of fluid mechanics, the kinematics equation and Bernoulii equation of magnetic fluid are derived. Based on the production practic of sinterer, straight seal theory is given. Last of all, the accuracy of deriving of theory is proved by experiment.

作者首先从密封介质的形成机理入手，分析了磁性流体的性质，配制出符合要求的磁性流体，又从流体力学的角度推导出磁性流体的运动学方程和磁性流体的贝努力方程，根据烧结机生产的实际，进一步推导出应用于烧结机上的直线密封理论，最后通过试验验证了理论推导的正确性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。