烟碱

The anabasine and anatabine in micro-alkaloids were in significant correlation with the after-taste of smoke.

烟碱对烟气粒相成分和评吸质量的影响最大；假木贼碱、新烟碱与烟气烟碱、香气量、浓度存在显著的典型相关。

Simultaneous Scan-Selected ion monitoring mode is a new improvement method of data acquisition of gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The determination method of alkaloids in tobacco was established by Scan-SIM of GC/MS. Nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine were determined with Scan mode, and myosmine, nicotyrine, 2,3'-Bipyridyl and cotinine were determined with SIM mode.

建立了应用气相色谱-质谱全扫描-选择离子监测数据采集方式同时测定烟草中8种含量相差较大的生物碱的方法，采用Scan模式分析烟碱、降烟碱、新烟碱、去氢新烟碱，同时采用SIM模式分析麦斯明、二烯烟碱、2，3′-联吡啶、可铁宁。

In order to verify nicotine effect to heart of rat , analyzing the electrograph Based on these results , it was demonstrated that nicotine can induce to release acetylcholine locally or act on muscarinic cholinoreceptor controlled by parasympathetic nerve .

为进一步确定烟碱对大鼠心脏的作用，对描记烟碱作用后大鼠心电图进行分析，发现烟碱能引起大鼠心电图显示较长的QT间期，增加了PR间期及T波面积，与肾上腺素或去甲肾上腺素引起的QT间期延长相似，且能被M受体阻断剂阿托品所阻断，说明烟碱能够诱导局部释放乙酰胆碱或者作用于部分副交感神经控制的毒蕈碱受体。

Hairy roots were induced from tobacco leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA1334 harboring agropin type PRil855 and binary vector PIG121HM carrying a kanamycin resistant gene nptll and GUS gene and the good hairy root clones were selected. The root with many root hairs and branches grew vigorously toward all the direction on MS medium without plant hormone and on kanamyain containing medium (km:30mg/L). The structure of the hairy root tip is different from that of ordinary root. Witch was not typical root cap maybe the main cause of losing the geotropism of hairy root. Plantlet regenerated from hairy root when cultured on Ms medium without plant hormone. The nicotine content of the hairy root was little higher than that in the natural roots.

本研究通过发根农杆菌工程菌LBA1334(含有野生型pRi1855质粒和pIG121HM双元载体质粒，编码NPTⅡ基因和GUS基因)转化烟草沙姆逊，获得了具有卡那霉素抗性烟草发状根，并筛选出良好的单克隆株系，该发状根具有典型的发状根特性(多根毛、多分支、在无激素培养基上快速生长)，通过根尖压片分析，烟草发状根不具备典型的根冠；发状根中烟碱含量1.61％稍高于与天然栽培品种母体根的含量(1.5％左右)，发状根向培养液中释放烟碱，释放量最多时占总烟碱量的81.1％；在无激素的培养基上获得了再生植株。

There was no significant difference in total alkaloid levels among different cigarette samples in the same year, while nicotine and nornicotine contents varied reversely, resulting in a ladder of percent nicotine c...

同一年份的卷烟样品间总生物碱含量无显著差异，烟碱含量和降烟碱含量呈相反趋势变化，从而形成样品间烟碱转化率的梯度差异。

The character of flower colour and high nicotine conversion inherited steadily,the average nicotine content of their offsprings decreased,while nornicotine content increased significantly.

通过对发现的5株白肋烟B37花色突变株后代的连续观察与研究，结果表明，5株白花突变株当代均为高烟碱转化株；随着世代的增加，白花后代群体花色遗传稳定，高转化率性状更趋于纯合；烟株群体的平均烟碱含量明显下降，降烟碱则明显上升，烟株群体生物碱表现为以降烟碱为主。

Tobacco Alkaloid Nicotine Nornicotine Percent nicotine conversion Sensory evaluation Cigarette smoke Tobacco-specific nitrosamines

烟草；生物碱；烟碱；降烟碱；烟碱转化率；感官评吸；烟气；烟草特有亚硝胺

Neuronalα4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the most widespread subtypes in central nervous system.α4β2 nAChRs mainly exist in procerebrum, parietal lobe cortex, temporal lobe cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglion and cerebellum.

神经元烟碱受体α4β2亚型是中枢神经系统分布最为广泛的烟碱受体亚型，占脑内与烟碱有高亲和力的nAChRs的90%，主要分布在前脑、顶叶和颞叶皮质、海马、基底神经节和小脑。

The results indicated as pH values in the range from 4.50 to 7.50, the volume and dry weight of root increased as pH values increased, as well as AAAR,TAAR. The relationship of nicotine and total nitrogen accumulation with pH values was parabola,the functions were Y=-61.429X2+391.17X-162.8 (F=l 8.45), Y=-24.3X2+154.88X+52.7 (F=14.40**) respectively. When pH value got rise to 7.50, the accumulation of nicotine and total nitrogen attained the highest .

主要研究结果如下： 1 不同pH值(4.50、5.50、6.50、7.50、8.50)对烤烟根系发育、根系吸收面积以及对烟叶烟碱、总氮、蛋白质和多酚物质积累影响的研究结果表明pH值在4.50～7.50范围内，根系体积和干重都随着pH值上升而增加，AAAR、TAAR也随着升高，烟叶中烟碱、总氮累积量随着pH值上升而增加，烟碱和总氮累积量与pH之间呈抛物线关系，关系式分别为Y=-61.429X~2+391.17X-162.8，F=18.45~；Y=-24.3X~2+154.88X+52.7，F=14.40~，pH值对烟碱和总氮累积量的影响存在极显著差异，当pH值升至7.50时，烟碱和总氮累积量达到最高值。

When content of Nicotine increased, protein decreased in leaf and root of toped tobacco. This probably because the content of IAA decreased rapidly and acted as the first signal to transfer to root in toped tobacco, and this made the second signal 桝BA and ZR increased, activated biosynthsis of Nicotine.

打顶以后烟碱含量增加的同时，叶和根中的蛋白氮含量均降低，还原糖含量增加，这可能是由于打顶以后，IAA的迅速降低作为第一信号，沿木质部向下运输到根，引起根部的第二信使一ABA、ZR等含量的增加及GA；含量的减少，激活烟碱合成的三种酶，使总氮中用于合成蛋白质的氮减少，自由氨基酸增加，促进烟碱的合成。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。