点过程

CINC-2、LIX、TNF-α、VEGF were in a persistent heighten tendency in the model groups during the whole period of exeriment while CINC-3、GM-CSF、IFN-γ、IL-1β、Leptin heightened gradually and Fractalkine、IL-6、IL-1αfluctuated. MCP-1 increased significantly at third week but surgeless after that. MIP-3a、TIMP-1 changed little during the whole period.

在大鼠动脉壁泡沫细胞形成的整个过程中，4种细胞因子处于持续升高趋势，包括CINC-2、CNTF、LIX、VEGF；6种呈现逐渐升高趋势，包括CINC-3、GM-CSF、IFN-γ、IL-1β、Leptin、β-NGF； 5种因子包括Fractalkine、IL-6、IL-1α、IL-10、TNF-α处于波动状态；MCP-1在3周时明显升高，其它时相点变化幅度不大，MIP-3a、TIMP-1、IL-4在整个病变过程中变化幅度始终较平稳。

Taking into account the actual situation of the waterworks production,two suggestions were proposed for reducing the formation of trichloromethane one was optimizing the pre-treatment chlorine adding methed and selected a suitable point for chlorine adding;and the other one was improving the effic.

通过分析某水厂水处理过程各阶段水样中的三氯甲烷生成情况，讨论常规水处理对三氯甲烷生成的影响，并结合该厂的生产实际，提出水处理过程中降低三氯甲烷生成的建议：一是优化前加氯投加方式，选择合适的加氯点；二是提高原水浊度的去除率，减少消毒副产物的前驱物质。

A simplified model was proposed to simulate material microstructure according that metal solidification is a Monte Carlo process. First, use the point of"putting randomly, growing uniformly"to generate grain boundary, then recognize grain boundary trifurcate points, eliminate bad trifurcate points, and distinguish the connections among these points, thus obtain straight grain boundary picture.

根据金属凝固过程是—Monte Carlo过程，建立了金属材料显微组织的简化Monte Carlo方法，采用&随机投放，等速生长&的方法形成矩齿形晶界图，并通过逐点判断法识别出晶界三重点，剔除奇异三重点，并识别出晶界及晶界间相邻关系，从而获得晶界结构的直线近似形态图，为细观组织短裂纹的数值模拟作好准备。

Based on analyzing and summing up the study results on deformation and fracture mechanisms of materials and member under repeated impact load,this paper shows that material defomation is characterized by plastic deformation concentrating on impact point,multi-systemes sliping difficult to perform and strain more unhomogeneous.

本文综合归纳了材料和构件在循环冲击载荷下的变形、断裂规律及机理研究成果，指出材料的变形具有多系滑移难于进行、应变不均匀性大和塑性变形集中在冲击接触点的特点；材料断裂过程为裂纹萌生、扩展和最后断裂过程，组织及实验条件对材料断裂有较大影响。

The experimental results show the validness of the mechanism analyses.2. According to the generation mechanism of the leak acoustic signal, the characteristics of the leak acoustic signal are investigated. The auto correlation technology is adopted to descript the leak signal characteristics due to the ability to analyze the coherence of time series. A new procedure to identify the leak acoustic signal from the disturbed noises is proposed based on the conjunction of correlation and approximate entropy algorithm.3. The principle and application in leak location of the correlation and the adaptive filter techniques are introduced. The problems of the traditional leak location methods are analyzed.4. In order to establish the leak detection signal model, the leak acoustic propagation characteristics are investigated experimentally.

从泄漏声产生机理出发，分析了管道泄漏处湍流拟序结构与空泡间相互作用的机理，认为在该机理作用下，泄漏声信号产生过程具有&不可重复&的特征；由于相关函数具有分析时间序列拟序结构的能力，且近似熵从统计的角度区别时间过程的复杂性，因此，提出将信号相关分析和近似熵理论相结合的方法，提取泄漏声信号&不可重复&的特征，辨识管道泄漏故障发生；在实际检测现场，由于各种管内和管外固定声源噪声(如阀门噪声、工地施工噪声等)常导致泄漏误判和漏点定位错误，重点分析了管内固定噪声源的产生机理和特征，为复杂干扰环境下的泄漏辨识提供理论支持。

It shows that from the beginning of the 4th phase the change of the ladle lining was held in a recycling process of dynamic equilibrium.

在钢包的第三和第四个周转过程中，包衬各点的温度变化较平缓，表明从第四个周转开始，包衬的温度变化处于一种动态平衡的循环过程。

The results show that the heat is obviously absorbed and stored in ladle lining at the first and second turnover stage of ladle,and the temperature loss and thermal compensation should be considered in this period.

在钢包的第3和第4个周转过程中，包衬各点的温度变化较为平缓，表明从第4个周转开始，包衬温度变化处于一种动态平衡的循环过程。

The main creating aspects are finding and clarify such a fundamental physical process that the grain boundaries emit vacancies under compressive stress to induce solute non-equilibrium grain boundary dilution and absorb vacancies under tensile stress to induce non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, formulizing the structural equations and the composition equations in force equilibrium in grain bounary region to describe this physical processes and the kinetic equations for non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation under tensile stress, calculating the modulus in grain boundary region from the expermental data of grain bounday segregation using the structure and coposition equations and calculating the diffusion coefficients of vacancy-solute atom complexes using the kinetic equation simulating the experimental results of grain boundary segregation.

本项目的主要创新点是，发现并阐明了弹性应力场作用下空位与晶界交互作用的基本物理过程：在张应力作用下，晶界会吸收空位，引起溶质非平衡晶界偏聚；压应力作用下，晶界会发射空位，引起非平衡晶界贫化。建立了描述此物理过程的晶界区力学平衡的结构方程和成分方程；？建立了张应力引起的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学方程？；用晶界区力学平衡的结构方程和成分方程？，首次通过实验测量计算出多晶材料晶界区的弹性模量；通过建立的动力学方程模拟实验结果，首次获得溶质原子－空位形成的复合体的扩散系数。

For the coherence in metadata, a serverless architecture model based on all the data and metadata is adopted because they can be storaged in all place and can be dynamicly transferred; The associative mode of the disc metadata's journal structure and the memory metadata's journal structure can turn away the timing waste in scanning the enormous file system by fsck; Afterwards a intercalating checkpoint algorithm and a rollback recovery algorithm based on the metadata fault tolerance in cluster file system is implemented; A fetched stochastic process model is setup to analyze availability of this system, it can reduce the inspecting fault time and then they support high availability.

为了达到复杂的元数据管理一致性，采用了一个无集中式服务器的体系结构，保证所有的数据和元数据能够存放到系统的任意地方，并且在操作的过程中可以动态迁移；采用元数据的磁盘日志结构和内存日志结构相结合的方式对元数据进行管理，减少了fsck对庞大的文件系统中元数据的扫描时间；为了实现故障恢复，提出了元数据容错的设置检查点算法和回卷恢复的算法，提高了文件系统元数据服务的可用性；给出了基于元数据故障的随机过程模型，可以通过减少检错时间提高文件系统的可用度。

The findings about presupposition imply that the process of translation is a presuming process about the knowledge state, cultural and psychological characteristics of the readers; that the product of translation can pose various forms since presupposing as a cognitive behavior is dynamic; and that a transition may become more concise and coherent if presupposition is properly applied.

预设理论对翻译实践具有三点启示：翻译的过程就是对译文读者的知识、文化、心理特征等进行预设认知的过程；预设的动态性可以解释译文的多样性；恰当使用预设知识，可以使译文史简洁、连贯。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。