灾害

The Virtual Disaster Library which was developed in November 1999, by PAHO/WHO (Pan American Health Organization / Regional Office of the World Health Organization), is a professional database of Southern Alberta Digital Library Centre.

灾害虚拟图书馆是泛美卫生组织和世界卫生组织在1999年11月建立的，是南方Alberta数字图书馆中心的一个专业数据库。

Cryphonectria parasitica, a dangerous forest pathogen, have been prevailing and causing great economic losses in the Chinese chestnut plantations in Kunming area since 2005.This disease mainly infects the trunk and big branches, and the highest mortality was observed during the period from April to June.

板栗疫病作为一种危险性的林木病害，目前已在昆明市的重点板栗种植区普遍发生，并于2005年以来开始形成大面积的暴发危害，相继在一些局部板栗产区造成了较为严重的灾害损失。

How to improve the ability of handling paroxysmal disaster?

如何提高突发性的灾害应急处理能力。

Soil erosion which is called"peristaltic disaster"is one of the most common and the strongest geological disaster in human society nowaday.

土壤侵蚀是当今人类面临的一种最普遍、持续性很强的环境灾害，被称为&蠕动的灾难&。

Due to special physicogeographical and geological conditions, Laoshan area suffered the following geological hazards: collapse, landslides, mud-rock flows which were induced by the inner and outer dynamic geological processes, as well as human activities.

青岛市崂山区特殊的自然地理和地质环境条件，在内、外动力地质作用以及人类工程、经济活动的影响下，引发了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等突发性的地质灾害。

In Zhejiang,the moun- tain and hill areas make up 70.4% of its total area. Owing to the effect of both physiographical factors(rock character, landform,soil,vegetation and rainfall,etc.)and anthropogenic factors deforestation,land reclamation on steep slops and irrational use of Land resource,etc.

由于自然条件和人为因素的影响，土壤侵蚀严重，致使土地退化，河床、水库淤高，生态环境恶化，水旱灾害加剧，成为浙江省农业生产和国民经济发展的一大制约因素。

The means of collecting the necessary data, and the selection of formats for collection and presenta- tion of the information, should be established as part of an organizations predisaster planning.

作为组织防范灾害计划的一部分，收集必要信息方法以及收集和表达信息的摸式必须建立起来。

In order to achieve that, the preplan should include that the first principle is the life is the foremost; protecting collection is an important mission; making long term library forecast and earlywarning mechanism.

应急预案制定的第一原则是生命高于一切，重要任务是保护本馆馆藏文献，并要制定长期的图书馆地震灾害预防预报预警机制。

Towards the research direction, the methods may help monitor and prewarn the landslide or debris flow in the future.

日后可再朝此方向继续研究，期能作为未来监测地滑或土石灾害预警之参考。

Finally, the countermeasures for risk control of urban disasters are presented from 8 aspects, including establishing a unionized legal system of urban safety planning, risk prevention and control, and crisis management; implementing urban plan of disaster prevention and reduction and incorporating into urban planning; perfecting the decision-supporting system and information management system for urban disaster risk; carrying on risk assessment mechanism in safety planning; speeding the construction of integrated management organization for disaster prevention; establishing a scientific and perfect emergency rescue system; intensifying safety education and propagand of disaster prevention and reduction; and strengthening the research and exchange in urban safety science.

该对策研究包括：建立城市安全规划、风险防范和危机管理法律体系；实施城市防灾减灾规划并融入城市规划中；完善城市灾害风险决策支持系统和信息管理系统；实行安全规划风险评价机制；加快防灾减灾综合管理机构建设；建立科学、完善的应急救援体系；加强安全教育和防灾减灾宣传；加强城市安全科学研究与交流。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。