灾害

These accidents were, however, blown out of all proportion by the media (who salivate at any prospect of a disaster) and various so-called space "experts".

这些事故发生率，但是，夸大了所有的比例由媒体（谁垂涎三尺在任何前景的灾害）和各种所谓的空间"专家"。

With the data from World Bank and the statistical data of China mainland, and the studying results of Japan seismologist, it is systematic to state that the social wealth, a key element in vulnerability analysis in seismic risk, could be summarily described by such macroeconomic index as the Gross Domestic Product.

通过引用世界银行和中国的统计资料，以及日本学者的分析结果，较系统地论述了地震灾害分析中涉及的社会财富，可以用宏观经济指标——国内生产总值GDP来描述。

There may be times when self-help strategies are not effective in reducing the effects of exposure to traumatic stress.

可能有很多时候，心理自助策略对减轻灾害事件产生的压力并不是很有效。

The mechanical behavior of Shape Memory Alloys material is tested, and the constitutive model of the SMA is established. A kind of SMA combined rubber isolator is developed, and the isolation effect of the SMA combined rubber isolator for long-span bridge and tall building structures is numerically simulated, from which the adaptive isolation performance and the self-restoring capacity of the SMA combined rubber isolator are verified. A kind of SMA damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the SMA damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the SMA damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the SMA damper for the long-span bridge are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge using the SMA damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. The MRF-04K type magnetorheological damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the MR damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the MR damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the MR damper for the long-span bridge and tall building structures are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge and tall building structures using the MR damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. In addition, the theory and method of sub-structural damage identification for long-span bridge are derived, the influence of soil-structure dynamic interaction on the seismic isolation and control effects with different isolation and control measures and the damage responses and the sliding base-isolation of large structures under the excitation of underground explosion are investigated.

试验研究了形状记忆合金材料的力学性能，建立了SMA材料的本构模型；研制了一种SMA复合橡胶隔震支座，数值仿真分析了应用SMA复合橡胶支座的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的隔震效果，从而验证了SMA复合橡胶支座的自适应隔震性能及其震后自恢复能力；研制了一种SMA阻尼器，试验研究了SMA阻尼器的力学性能，建立了SMA阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于SMA阻尼器的大跨桥梁结构自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真与模型试验验证了大跨桥梁结构SMA阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；研制了一种MRF-04K型磁流变阻尼器，试验研究了MR阻尼器的力学性能，建立了MR阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于MR阻尼器的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真和模型试验验证了大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构MR阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；还建立了大跨桥梁结构的子结构损伤识别的理论与方法，研究了土-结构动力相互作用对不同隔震和控制措施的减震控制效果的影响以及地下爆炸波作用下各类大型结构的灾害响应与滑移隔震。

In this paper the main body of seismic disaster in urban area and its characteristics and the developing alignment on the time space sequence are discussed.

本文系统地介绍城市地震灾害的主体，震害的特征及按时间、空间序列的发展过程。

Multiple. A variety of renewal of a sequence in time and space disasters pose a complex system, forming a destructive effect in time and space on multiple.

3多发性。多种续发序列在时间上和空间上构成复杂的灾害系统，形成了破坏作用在时间上和空间上的多发性。

China is not only a country with the big amount of grain production and comsumption, but also one of the most ser...

我国是一个粮食生产与消费大国，也是世界上农业灾害最严重的地区之一。

Amounting to 1535 emotion attitude and values education, supply plenty of materials of the emotion attitude and values education for geography teachers;②The education of the concept of continued developing is a core of the emotion attitude and values education in grade one of high school, but it isn't emobodied in some units;③The emotion attitude and values education such as the realization of collaborating, the realization of calamity, the realization of duty and obligation and attitude on life needed badly strengthening;④The methods of geography emotion attitude and values education was varied,but they relied on the five fundamented methods——sermonize, analysis of emotion attitude and values, sensibility training of emotion attitude and values, clarifying of emotion attitude and values and example;⑤Sermonize and example were largest universal used, sensibility training of emotion attitude and values was well used .

总计1535项情感态度价值观教育内容，为地理教师提供了丰富的情感态度价值观教育素材；②可持续发展观教育是高一地理情感态度价值观教育的核心，但在某些单元并未突出体现出来；③合作意识、灾害意识、责任与义务和人生态度等情感态度价值观教育亟需加强；④地理情感态度价值观教育方法多种多样，但以说教法、情感态度价值观分析法、情感态度价值观敏感性训练法、情感态度价值观澄清法和榜样示范法等五种基本方法为主；⑤说教法与榜样示范法使用最普遍，情感态度价值观敏感性训练法的使用效果最佳。

Current commanding system of fire fighting drops behind the development of cities, so that the setout time of fire companies is delayed.

火灾是城市灾害中的重要灾种，其发生频度居各灾种之首，造成的直接损失约为地震的五倍。

Fire is significant among disasters in urban area. The occuring frequency of fire is the highest among all kinds of disasters, and the loss due to fire is about five times of that due to earthquake. At the present, the tasks such as searching fire control information, disposing alarm telephones and make dispatch, are still accomplished in manual manner domestically. Current commanding system of fire fighting drops behind the development of cities, so that the setout time of fire companies is delayed.

中文题名城市消防指挥系统中的GIS和虚拟现实应用技术副题名外文题名 The application technology of GIS and VR in commanding system of fire fighting for urban area 论文作者许云导师任爱珠教授学科专业防灾减灾工程及防护工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位清华大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数115页关键词地理信息系统虚拟现实消防指挥系统火灾馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TU998.1 /4 火灾是城市灾害中的重要灾种，其发生频度居各灾种之首，造成的直接损失约为地震的五倍。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。