灾害

And thus their environmental risk perception divulges in their daily life.

此一过程，即如萧新煌（1987）所认为，灾民会将灾害的经验内化於生活当中，并产生了一套应付灾变的能力，村民亦因为如此行为，忽略了灾害所带来的严重性，而降低环境风险知觉。

So, it is very significative that researching flooded theory of ice flood of Yellow River and studying quickly monitoring model of disaster condition of ice flood and excogitating a set of dynamic RS monitoring pattern of ice flood disaster for national economy and social continuable develop.

因此，研究黄河冰凌灾害成灾机理，探讨冰情信息的快速检测提取模型，制定、完善并形成一套成功且可操作性强的冰凌灾害遥感动态监测模式对防灾减灾及国民经济和社会可持续发展都具有十分巨大的意义。

Haiyuan county belongs to mountainous region of Longzhong loess hilly gullied region in the loess plateau,and there are seven kinds of geological hazards types existing in Haiyuan county ,including soil erosion and water loss,landslide,breakdown,mud rock flow,unstable slope,ground collaps and ground fracture etc.

海原县地处黄土高原，属陇中山地与黄土丘陵区，主要地质灾害有水土流失、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、不稳定斜坡、地面塌陷和地裂缝等7种类型，以及人类工程经济活动引起的地质灾害类型。

It may also identify the need for continued monitoring and reassessing of the unfolding disaster.

它也用来确定持续监测灾害和次生灾害再评估的需要。

Meanwhile, disaster management in western countries has reoriented from an individualistic, functionalist approach to a comprehensive and longitudinal one that emphasizes risk reduction mechanisms of disaster insurance, community integration, and the utilization of social capital and human networks.

此外，欧美各国的灾害管理已经从个人主义、功能论的管理观点，发展出横向、纵深的处理方式，例如强调灾害保险的减灾机制、社区整合，以及社会资本各种人际关係的运用。

Risk assessment and regionalization of insurance of debrisflow disaster are of significance to identification and classification of the disaster, as well as to determination of the insurance premium.

泥石流灾害保险的风险评估和区划，是分区分类防灾和损失评估的重要依据，也是泥石流灾害保险费率厘定的基础。

Measured the basic physical parameters of unsaturated soils in Three Gorges Reservoir area; 2 measured the initial sample matric suction using the unsaturated triaxial testing system, which can be used to evaluate the unsaturated soil strength and stress; 3 the drying and moisture absorption experiments were executed using the Tempe apparatus, and got the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve, permeability coefficients of every stress level were simulated according to the parameters from the SWCC; 4 the unsaturated soil strength tests were carried out using the GDS triaxial testing system, then got the Mohr circle and shear strength parameters; the results from different stress paths were compared; meanwhile, the axial strain-stress ratio-volume strain curve of different matric suction and different radial pressure was got, as well as their relationship; The research, which provided the necessary data and reference for Three Gorges Reservoir area geologic disaster, is the basic component of Three Gorges Reservoir geologic disaster prevention and research, and experimental results will be used directly in the project.

1量测了三峡库区非饱和土的基本物性参数； 2用非饱和土三轴试验仪量测了试样的初始基质吸力，为评估非饱和土的强度和应力水平提供参考； 3用Tempe仪和体积压力板仪进行了非饱和土的干燥和吸湿试验，得到了土-水特征曲线，并根据其参数拟合出各级吸力状态下对应的渗透系数； 4用GDS三轴仪进行了强度试验，得到了Mohr圆和抗剪强度参数；并比较分析了不同应力路径下试验结果；同时得到不同吸力和不同围压下轴向应变-应力比-体应变的关系曲线和其相互关系。该研究是三峡库区地质灾害防治研究工作的基础性工作，其结果将直接应用到工程实际中，为三峡库区地质灾害提供必要的数据和参考。

This paper expounds the geology disasters of the strip mine,and investigation for the flood control and drainage management in the mine district and surrounding area,the city flood control plan and geology disaster control plan and executing,and compares their reason formed and rainfall inducement and watercourse transmission flood,and put forward the existing issues.

本论文对西露天矿地质灾害情况，矿区防、排水及矿区周边河道防汛安全情况进行了调查，同时考察了城市防洪预案和地质灾害预案的编制及执行情况。

In method,firstly to prevent the occurring of each disaster,it designs a set of forewarning indices to efficiently monitor and distinguish the most representative ones from all disaster causers,which is through inducing a new forewarning management method into existing highway operating system.

在理论上，它首先探讨了高速公路交通灾害的成因机理，其次它试图通过一个新的研究构想，即在高速公路运营管理体系中引入预警的管理思想实现对高速公路交通灾害的有效预防和控制。

The research content of the system is forewarning analysis and strategy of pre-control. Thus the evaluating index system for forewarning is established and the valid comprehensive evaluating method is present. The result of the evaluation can be noted in the forewarning signal drawing, which can show the managers and deciders objective evidence.

针对机场灾害的成因过程，构建民航机场安全预警管理系统，对机场事故及灾害进行早期预报与预控，设计了民航机场安全预警管理指标体系，采用多层次模糊评价法结合层次分析法对指标体系进行评估，将评估结果以信号图的方式直观地表示出来，为管理者提供较为客观的依据。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。