灾害

With the development of underground structures in Shanghai, the ground freezing method is more and more widely used in tunnel construction (such as the soil reinforcement of the passway and pumping house of tunnels).

冻结法施工在上海隧道建设中（如隧道旁通道、地下泵房等的设计与施工）得到广泛应用，也曾引发过严重的地质灾害（如上海地铁4号线外滩段的地质灾害）。

Based on T213 numerical forecast products, the abrupt city flood caused by heavy rain in Kunming, Yunnan province on June 24, 2006 is analyzed. The results indicate that the event has a close relation with the southward movement of upper shear line and the peripherad southwest warm and wet airflow.

2006年6月24日云南昆明发生了当年最为严重的一次城市洪涝，利用T213数值预报产品资料对这次突发性洪涝灾害的气象成因进行了诊断分析，结果表明此次强降水与高空切变线南压及西太平洋副热带高压外围西南暖湿气流有关，高空切变线南压有利于引导北方冷空气南下入侵，而西太平洋副热带高压外围西南暖湿气流为此次洪涝灾害的爆发提供了丰富的水汽。

Earthquake disaster has destructive effect on libraries. The paper discusses that libraries should establish emergency preplan to reduce the potential safety hazard of library and do crisis management.

认为地震灾害对图书馆有特殊的破坏作用，为降低图书馆内在的安全隐患，更好地进行危机管理，图书馆应建立地震灾害应急预案。

The province's 65 counties completed the second national land survey data verification work in rural areas, accounting for 74% of the province the amount of verification; completed the three-dimensional system of Zhangye City Land Reserve building and zoning map satellite image production tasks, for the high-profile, Sunan , Sandan, folk music has established cadastral management system; completion of Lanzhou, Dunhuang, urn, cooperation, Pingliang, Guazhou, Jiuquan Iron and Steel Group and other cadastral survey 4680 square kilometers and a database-building; complete summary of Tianshui City, land survey tasks; for the prevention and control of geological disasters in the investigation of the basis of digital surveying and mapping results, actively cooperate with the focus on prevention and control of geological disasters in the works carried out; and the City, State Land Resources Bureau, has completed a Lanzhou, Tianshui, Dingxi, Pingliang, Wuwei, Jinchang, Zhangye, Jiuquan City, and Linxia 8 , Gannan mining rights for more than two states the size of the verification mission control surveying, mapping high-grade GPS control points 1940, covering an area of 128.4 thousand square kilometers.

完成了全省65个县区第二次全国农村土地调查数据核查工作，占全省核查量的74%；完成了张掖市国土储备三维系统建设及卫星影像区划图制作任务，为高台、肃南、山丹、民乐建立了地籍管理系统；完成了兰州、敦煌、金塔、合作、平凉、瓜州、酒泉钢铁集团等地籍测量调查4680平方公里和数据库建设；完成了天水市土地调查汇总任务；为地质灾害调查防治提供数字化基础测绘成果，积极配合重点地质灾害防治工程的开展；与市州国土资源局合作，完成了兰州、天水、定西、平凉、武威、金昌、张掖、酒泉八市和临夏、甘南两州的规模以上矿业权核查控制测量任务，测绘高等级GPS控制点1940座，覆盖面积128400平方公里。

Moreover, with the forthcoming sluicing of the reservoir of Three Gorges, such geological hazards in the reservoir area as landslide and rockfall are becoming more and more. Even Chinese government has transferred special funds of four billion yuan for solving this problem.

另一方面，随着三峡库区蓄水的日益临近，库区的地质灾害问题，如滑坡、崩塌日益突出，国家甚至拨出40亿专款来治理库区的地质灾害问题。

Through research of this paPef, mechanisms and theories and teclmiques ofprevention and cure of shallow roof disaster and goaf nature fire disaster under thickwind sands are primarily established.

通过本论文的研究工作，初步建立起厚风积砂下浅埋工作面顶板灾害和采空区自然发火灾害发生的机理及防治理论与技术。

Afeter turning the map of grid into vector, the author evaluate the character of the danger of geological hazard distric on the premise of considering sufficiently topograph.

结合地貌等特征，将昆明市地质灾害危险性分区的栅格图转化为矢量图，并对昆明市地质灾害危险性极高、高、中、低风险区特征进行论述。

Because the vertical zonality of many natural factors which cause mountain hazards ,water in particular,as a main dynamic factor when the height outweigh a certain elevation will change from liquid state to solidity,which induce the vertical zonality of mountain hazards .

由于形成山地灾害的多种自然因素具有垂直地带性，尤其作为主要动力因素的水，超过一定高度后由液态成为固态，从而造成了山地灾害的垂直地带性。

It would be fallacious, however, to conclude from this single-year result that the super-cat business is a wonderful one, or even a satisfactory one. A simple example will illustrate the fallacy: Suppose there is an event that occurs 25 times in every century. If you annually give 5-for-1 odds against its occurrence that year, you will have many more winning years than losers. Indeed, you may go a straight six, seven or more years without loss. You also will eventually go broke. At Berkshire, we naturally believe we are obtaining adequate premiums and giving more like 3 1/2-for-1 odds.

伯克希尔本身很适合从事霹雳猫保险的业务，我们有业界最优秀的经理人 Ajit Jain，此外从事这行需要相当雄厚的资金实力，在这点我们公司的净值大概是其他主要竞争对手的 10 到 20 倍，对大部分的保险业务而言，背后所拥有的资源还不是那么地重要，一家保险公司可以很轻易地就把它所承担的风险分散出去，若有必要，也可以降低险种集中度以减低风险，但是对霹雳猫保险这种特殊的保险就没有办法这样子做，所以其它的竞争同业只能被迫降低理赔的上限来因应，而要是他们胆敢承担更高的风险，则一个超大型的意外灾害或是连续发生几个较小型的灾害，就有可能让他们粉身碎骨。

Dents, and to find out the risk awareness and the response of rural residents to the earthquakes.

震灾害的风险意识以及在地震灾害中的反应。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。