灾害

The area are divided into the medium area liable to geological disasters and the area unliable to geological disasters by analysing disaster-causing factors (engineering geological condition) analysis, and a map of geological disaster susceptible degree is made.

通过地质灾害致灾因子分析，划分出地质灾害中等易发和不易发两类地区。

USAR teams can reduce the loss caused by disaster, improve the ability to respond to disaster, and safeguard urban continual development.

建立救援队可以减少灾害损失，提高城市应对灾害的能力，保证城市可持续发展。

As to sand-digging, quarrying, slope-cutting, woodcutting, deforestation for firewood, underground water extraction or any other activities that may induce geological disasters in the areas exposed to the danger of geological disasters, it shall order the suspension of the illegal acts, confiscate the illegal gains and impose a fine ranging from 1,000RMB to 5,000RMB, if the circumstance is serious, it may impose a fine ranging from 10,000RMB to 50,000RMB.

在地质灾害危险区内从事挖砂、取石、削坡、采矿、伐木、樵采、抽取地下水等可能诱发地质灾害活动的，责令停止违法行为，没收违法所得，并处以1000元以上5000元以下罚款；情节严重的，处以1万元以上5万元以下罚款

It is forbidden to engage in sand-digging, quarrying, slope-cutting, woodcutting, deforestation for firewood, underground water extraction or any other activities that may induce geological disasters in the areas exposed to the danger of geological disasters.

禁止在地质灾害危险区内从事挖砂、取石、削坡、采矿、伐木、樵采、抽取地下水以及其他可能诱发地质灾害的活动。

By and large, research projects undertaken by the Group fall into three categories. The first is geotechnical properties and prevention of geological hazards, with the stress on researches on dynamic properties of marine soil, coast-beach erosion and seabed failure, sediment reformation by benthonic fauna, failure of submarine pipelines, environmental geotechnical techniques, etc. The second is research on pollution and treatment of water and soil, with the stress on researches on ecological effects of exploitation activities in the marine environment, treatment of beach sediment pollution, treatment techniques of sea organism pollution, groundwater PRB treatment technique development, etc. The third is exploration of underground environment and geophysical data processing techniques, with the stress on devising equipment for detecting underground pollution and geological hazards, environmental GIS (Geographical Information System) and related analysis software, etc.

学术团队开展的研究课题大体上分三类：第一类课题是岩土体性质与灾害防治，侧重于海洋土动力特征研究，岸滩侵蚀与海床破坏研究，海洋底栖生物对沉积物改造研究，海底管线失稳研究，环境岩土工程技术研究等；第二类课题是水土污染过程与治理研究，侧重于海洋开发活动的生态环境效应研究，海滩沉积物污染治理研究，海水生物污染治理技术研究，地下水PRB治理技术开发等；第三类课题是地下环境探测技术与软件开发研究，侧重于地下环境污染与灾害探测设备的研制，环境地理信息系统，专业性应用软件的开发等。

By bination of disaster simulation and evaluation models checked by typical accident cases, disaster prevention software and engineering practice,this paper is established on basis of certain fact and correct theoretical model. KEY WORDS: Vapour cloud explosion, Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion, Accident mechanism, Model, Simulation and evaluation, Artificial Neural Network, Artificial Intelligence, Decision Support System DSS

将灾害模拟评价理论模型及开发的软件系统与工程实践相结合，用典型事故案例来检验、修正理论模型，再应用于工程实践的灾害定量模拟评价、预防控制及救灾决策支持，使整篇论文建立在确定的事实和正确的理论相结合的基础之上。

The geographical environment elements to form weather disasters in yunnan include low latitude plateau,approaching tropical oceans,complicated topographical features,cliffy mountain,few vegetation,concentrated rainfall,complicated geological structure and strong fault actions.

由于云南复杂的低纬高原地理环境，多样的局地气候背景，特殊的地貌植被状况以及同时受东亚、南亚两支季风的共同作用，形成了鲜明的区域气象灾害特征[1，2]。1 云南气象灾害的特征1.1 种类多、频率高、重叠交错云南自然地理环境特殊，7种气候带交错分布，气候资源丰富，立体气候明显，地域差异大。

Third, evaluate the risk of the disaster the debris flow brought. Confirm evaluation area on danger area basis, then evaluate the fatalness, damageability, loss of the debris flow. Finally, combining with foregoing research, put forward an economical and effective preventing and curing scheme for the debris flow happened in Qiongshan ditch, moreover, evaluate the projects benefit.

然后对此沟泥石流所造成的灾害进行风险评估—根据泥石流的危险范围确定评估范围，再进行危险性评价、易损性评价和灾害破坏损失评价；最后结合前面的研究，对邛山沟泥石流提出经济合理的防治方案，并对其进行防治工程效益评价。

In managing the disasters, scientific field pays attention to the disaster factors, eg. Some countries have improved their ability of monitoring and predicting natural disaster factors by applying geographic information system. While the civil administration organs show great concern for damageableness of the community they govern.

在灾害管理工作中，科学界关注的是致灾因子，如一些国家应用地理信息系统，提高了对自然致灾因子监测和预测能力；而民政部门更关注的是所辖社区的易损性，通过建立区域内灾害信息数据库，可根据易损性特征，对各种致灾因子采取不同的防御措施。

With the rapid development of technology, great progress has been made in forecast and succor work ,but the research and implementation of actualization and compensation has been on a lower level. We must pay attention to both reducing damnify and re- development in the store floodwater area, so research on compensation and ensurance in these areas is more imperative.

随着科技的发展，灾害的预防和灾害发生时的紧急救援工作已经取得了巨大的进步，然而灾后的补偿和保障工作的实施和研究却相对滞后，尤其是对于蓄滞洪区这样兼顾减灾和经济发展的多目标的洪灾高风险区的灾后补偿、保障的研究工作更是急需关注的薄弱环节。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。