灵敏度

In this paper, the maximum likelihood algorithm with process and measurement noise for nonlinear continuous-discrete system given by Jategaonkar and Plaetschke is improved in two aspects: 1 to avoid the disadvantages of sensitivities computation by common finite-difference method, in which the perturbation sizes should be selected optionally, an improved finite-difference method with best perturbations, is presented. 2 to improve the numerical stability of Jategaonkar's algorithm, maximum likelihood algorithm with fast triangular square-root decomposition filter is given.

摘要对Jategaonkar等人给出的同时计及过程及观测噪声的非线性连续-离散系统的极大似然算法从两个方面进行了改进：1给出了计算灵敏度的最佳摄动有限差分算法，避免了普通有限差分法计算灵敏度矩阵时需人为选择参数摄动量大小而带来的缺点；2给出了具有快速三角化平方根滤波的极大似然算法，提高了原算法的数值稳定性。

Compared with the "three antibodies method", the sensitivity for detection of the signal of Y chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization in brain tissue sections of mice was enhanced significantly by the direct tyramine signal amplification method.

结果 "三步抗体法"在脑切片检测Y染色体阳性信号的灵敏度和特异度分别为85.67％和100％；直接TSA法在脑切片检测Y染色体阳性信号的灵敏度和特异度分别为92.82％和100％。

The first-order of the modal flexibility for a real symmetric undamped structure with distinct eigenvalues was derived based on an efficient algebraic method. The formulae are simple and compact, and it is easy to program. Moreover, it only requires one eigenvector to be known to calculate the sensitivity of modal flexibility.

代数方法解析推导出无阻尼线性系统模态柔度一阶灵敏度的解析表达式，该表达式简洁紧凑，便于编程，而且在计算阶模态柔度的灵敏度时，只需一阶模态信息，具有显著的优点。

The sensors we fabricated were sensing H2 and CO. At sensing H2, the sensors besides showed sensitivity andthe effect of concentration of sensing gas H2 on the sensitivity indicates a linear response; at sensing CO, the results were undesirability.

所制备出之感测器分别对H2和CO进行感测，对於感测H2除了展现灵敏度之外，灵敏度对H2浓度在某浓度范围内有良好的线性关系；在感测CO方面，结果尚不尽理想。

The uniformization embeded Markov chain is used to study the sensitivity of a continuos-time Markov process. It is proved that sensitivity estimators provided by the embeded Markov chain have less variance.

提出了用一致化嵌入马氏链来研究连续时间马氏过程的灵敏度分析方法，证明了用嵌入马氏链不仅实现简单而且还可以减小灵敏度估计量的方差。

Design of automatic zero adjustment of CANbus inclinometer;2. The author presents the mechanism of automatic zero adjustment and sensitivity correction of mine intelligence methane sensor.

从矿井智能瓦斯传感器自动调零和校正灵敏度的机理出发，对现场测试结果进行统计分析，以求得补偿零点和校正灵敏度的依据。

Results Positive rate of Amsel was 28%, one step sialidase was 34%, Gram-stain was 30% and amines was 24%. Using Amsel as criterion, the sensitivity of one step sialidase and amines was 92.9% and 71.4%; specificity was 88.9% and 94.4%; positive predictive value was 76.5% and 83.3% negative predictive value was 97% and 89.5%, using Gram-stain method as criterion, the sensitivity of one step sialidase and amines was 93.8% and 66.7%, specificity was 92.1% and 94.3%, positive predictive value was 83.3% and 83.3%, negative predictive value was 97.2% and 86.8% respectively.

Amsel法阳性率28%，组织多胺试验阳性率24%，一步法唾液酸酶活性的检测试验阳性率34%，革兰染色细菌评分法阳性率30%；唾液酸酶活性检测法与Amsel法，革兰染色细菌评分法相比较差异无显著性；组织多胺试验与Amsel法，革兰染色细菌评分法相比较差异无显著性；以Amsel法为标准，一步法唾液酸酶活性检测法和组织多胺试验的灵敏度分别为92.9%和71.4%，特异性分别为88.9%和94.4%，阳性预期值分别为76.5%和83.3%，阴性预期值分别为97.0%和89.5%；以革兰染色细菌评分法为标准，一步法唾液酸酶活性检测法和组织多胺试验的灵敏度分别为93.8%和66.7%，特异性分别为92.1%和94.3%，阳性预期值都为83.3%，阴性预期值分别为97.2%和86.8%。

According to the result, we believed that the reason resulted in the low sensitivity was that the marker residue compound MQCA structure has changed after conjugated with protein and the antibody induced by the conjugation could not recognize the free MQCA in the ci-ELISA. Therefore we designed some hapten which could reserve the marker residue structural speciality mostly. After synthesis route selection and optimum, the hapten 7-Hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid was synthesized, used 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline as the start material via six steps, such as oxidation cyclization, bromize reaction, hydrolysis, Beirut reaction, reduction, hydrolysis. This work established basis for producing the high affinity antibody and developing the sensitive ELISA residue detection method.

本论文认为导致ELISA检测灵敏度较低的原因，是残留标示物和蛋白偶联后的特征结构发生改变，诱导产生的抗体不能够对游离MQCA很好的识别，因此，本论文设计了能够最大化保留MQCA结构特征的系列半抗原结构，并对其合成路线进行了筛选和优化，最终以对甲基邻硝基苯胺为起始原料，经氧化环化、溴代、水解、Beirut缩合、还原、水解六步反应制备含羟甲基结构的MQCA衍生物7-羟基甲基-3-甲基-喹噁啉-2-羧酸，为制备对游离残留标示物高亲和力的抗体，高灵敏度的ELISA残留检测方法的建立奠定基础。

The influent factors to the sensitivity have been reaserched with the values of magnetostriction λ〓, the making and the size of the toroidal core's, heatreatment and so on, and the conversional mechanism between pressure and voltage have been discussed. The experience calculating formula of the sensitivity to pressures was concluded, and it will be useful to the designning and application of the force transducers.

对非晶带的磁致伸缩系数λ〓、环形铁芯的尺寸及制作、热处理等因素对压力—直流电压转换灵敏度的影响进行了研究，并对压力-电压转换的机制进行了探讨，总结出了压力-直流电压转换灵敏度的经验计算公式，对压力传感器的设计和应用提供了依据。

This invention products have high sensitivity for ethyne and alcohol etc, wide working range for keeping sensitivity, better selectivity, rapid response and resume function and better stability. It is suited to leakage detection of enthyne and alcohol etc,particularly for on line detection of low concn. ethyne in transformer insulating oil.

本发明对乙炔、乙醇等气体灵敏度高，保持灵敏度的工作范围宽，选择性好，响应、恢复快，稳定性好，适合于一般乙炔、乙醇等气体检漏，特别是适合于变压器绝缘油中低浓度乙炔气体的在线检测。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。