灰色的

Black, white and gray are achromatic, but called color s by artist.

黑色，白色和灰色是无色的，但美术家却称之为颜色。

Because of appearing empty aggregates in the time zone (the time zone do not include the information), we only establish the indeterminate grey differential equation according to the approximate condition of the differential equation.

利用灰色微分方程中的最小二乘估计参数：进而得到灰色神经网络初始的权值及阈值，这样使初始的权值和阈值更接近准确值，克服了以往BP网络中初始权值的随机性和不确定性，减少了网络的训练次数，提高了网络收敛速度和输出的精度，为避免网络训练陷入局部极小值也起到了重要的作用。

According to the model, the author forecast the performance level of science and technology expenditure during the future certain years .

本文在前人研究的基础上结合逻辑模型的思想设计了区域科技支出绩效评价指标体系；收集了2000 年－ 2004 年西安的科技支出绩效统计数据；应用灰色系统理论的分析方法模拟出科技支出绩效模型，根据模型预测了未来若干年西安的科技支出绩效水平；通过灰色关联度与聚类分析，获得了决定区域科技支出绩效的因素；针对这些因素提出了改进区域科技支出绩效的建议。

Among used machine learning methods, the gradient descent method is widely used to train various classifiers, such as Back-propagation neural network and linear text classifier. However, the gradient descent method is easily trapped into a local minimum and slowly converges. Thus, this study presents a gradient forecasting search method based on prediction methods to enhance the performance of the gradient descent method in order to develop a more efficient and precise machine learning method for Web mining.However, a prediction method with few sample data items and precise forecasting ability is a key issue to the gradient forecasting search method. Applying statistic-based prediction methods to implement GFSM is unsuitable because they require a large number of data items to model a prediction model. In the contrast with statistic-based prediction methods, GM(1,1) grey prediction model does not need a large number of data items to build a prediction model, and it has low computational load. However, the original GM(1,1) grey prediction model uses a mathematical hypothesis and approximation to transform a continuous differential equation into a discrete difference equation in order to model a forecasting model.

其中梯度法是一个最常被使用来实现机器学习的方法之一，然而梯度法具有学习速度慢以及容易陷入局部最佳解的缺点，因此，本研究提出一个梯度预测搜寻法则(gradient forecasting search method， GFSM)来改善传统梯度法的缺点，用来提升一些以梯度学习法则为基础的分类器在资讯探勘上的效率与正确性；而一个所需资料量少、计算复杂度低且精确的预测模型是梯度预测搜寻法能否有效进行最佳解搜寻之关键因素，传统统计为基础之预测方法的缺点是需要较大量的数据进行预测，因此计算复杂度高，灰色预测模型具有建模资料少且计算复杂度低等优点，然而灰色预测理论以连续之微分方程式为基础，并且透过一些数学上的假设与近似，将连续之微分方程式转换成离散之差分方程式来对离散型资料进行建模及预测，这样的作法不尽合理，且缺乏数学理论上的完备性，因为在转换过程中已经造成建模上的误差，且建模过程仅考虑相邻的两个资料点关系，无法正确反应数列未来的变化趋势。

It is one of the important characters of the grey system theory to utilize grey generation modeling. The basis structures of generating space in AGO and in IAGO are respectively obtained by the mathematical research of r-AGO series and r-IAGO series. The results are the following: the coherent and direct expression of the generating basis vector in AGO and r-AGO, the relation expression between two r-AGO series and two r-IAGO series, the relation among generating basis vector, generating series and moving operator.

利用灰色生成建模是灰色系统理论的重要特点之一，通过对r次生成序列（包含r-AGO序列和r-IAGO序列）的数学研究，得到了AGO生成空间和IAGO生成空间的基本结构：AGO和r-AGO生成基向量的统一的直观表达式、任意两个r-AGO序列间与任意两个r-IAGO序列间的关系式、生成基向量生成序列与移动算子间的关系。

The works like The meaning of life, loneliness, Spring in Beiwang Yuan, He Dajie's messuage, Fellow countyman—Kang Tiangang and The old maid, were all the reflection of Luo Binji's thinking towards the real gray life. In order to further probe into the origin of gray life, in the works of The Event of 1944 and The statement of an honest person , Luo Binji extended the criticize to the dark society. Facing the dark reality, Because of love showed the history bounded to oppose.

生活的意义》《寂寞》《北望园的春天》《贺大杰的家宅》《乡亲——康天刚》《老女仆》等等作品都反映了骆宾基对现实灰色人生的思索；进一步探索灰色人生的根源，《一九四四年事件》《一个坦白人的自述》等作品中，骆宾基展开了对黑暗社会现实的深刻批判；面对黑暗现实，《由于爱》则反映了奋起反抗的历史必然。

Based on the collection of the primary impact factors of the electronic resources evaluation indicators involved, an investigation on the importance and the acquirability of impact factors of the electronic resources evaluation is made through expert survey questionnaires from the 211 project university libraries, applied grey theory and method to information grey statistic and analysis to work out a set of comprehensive significant impact factors.

在汇集整理出电子资源评价指标的主要影响因素集合的基础上，面向211工程的大学图书馆，根据各个馆的专家经验和图书馆工作实际，进行评价指标影响因子重要性程度和易获得性的调查，利用灰色理论和方法重点进行数据的灰色统计和分析，筛选出其中重要的影响因子，以此重新构造出具有一定合理性和可操作性的评价指标体系。

ABSTRACT Inhibition mechanism and the relations between inhibition efficiency and molecular structure of inhibition of carbon steel in chlorhydric acid by benzene nitriles whose inhibition is caused by chemical adsorption and quaternary ammonium salts whose inhibition is caused by physical adsorption are mainly studied from microscope through quantum chemistry calculation, and the relations between inhibition efficiency and molecular structure of inhibition of carbon steel in chlorhydric acid by benzene nitriles are studied by making use of model-constructing thought of grey theory in this paper.

本文主要通过量子化学计算，从微观角度研究了化学吸附型缓蚀剂苯腈类化合物和物理吸附型缓蚀剂季铵盐在盐酸溶液中对碳钢缓蚀的缓蚀机理和缓蚀性能与分子结构的关系；并运用灰色理论建模思想，研究了苯腈类化合物在盐酸溶液中对碳钢缓蚀的缓蚀性能与分子结构的关系。其中，通过量子化学计算，从微观角度研究物理吸附型缓蚀剂在盐酸溶液中对碳钢缓蚀的缓蚀机理和缓蚀性能与分子结构的关系，是在尝试着进行；而运用灰色理论建模思想，研究缓蚀剂缓蚀性能与分子结构的关系，是一项具有尝试性和开拓性的工作。

The first part is the introduction, which generally introduces the research purpose and significance of this thesis, the summary of the financial pre-warning researches both home and abroad, and the research main contexts and research methods; The second part is the comparison on the financial pre-warning methods existent, which compares the different methods by categories, makes a further analysis on the limits of existent methods, and proposes the improve thoughts of this research based on that; The third part is the basic theory, which makes a summary of the referent theories exerted on the research, and exposit the comparing mechanism of the grey prediction theory and the artificial neural network method concise; The fourth part is the frame work of the model, which illuminates the research designs step by step, such as the definition of the financial crisis, the method of sample select, the select and definition of the pre-warning variables, and makes an exposition of the establishment procedures of the whole models at last; The fifth part is the financial pre-warning based on the theory of grey prediction and artificial neural network, which mainly demonstrate the model establishment in the concrete, dividing into four part to carry out the part of pragmatic research integrally, building of indexes system, establishment of BP neural networks, dynamic financial pre-warning and test, analysis on the pre-warning result; The sixth part is conclusion, which sums up the main results of the whole research, clarifies the innovative points, and makes a discussion on the limits and future study directions of the research in this thesis.

其中，第一部分为导论，总括性概述本文的研究目的与意义，国内外研究综述，以及本文的研究内容和方法；第二部分为现有财务预警研究方法剖析，通过对现有预警方法进行分类比较，进一步分析现有预警方法的局限性，并在此基础上提出本文研究的改进思路；第三部分基本理论，对本文研究中运用的相关理论进行扼要概述，并简要阐述灰色预测理论与人工神经方法的融合机理；第四部分为模型研究框架，逐步阐释模型对财务困境的界定，样本数据的选取方法，预警变量的选取与定义等各个部分的研究设计，并对整体模型的构建步骤进行简要阐述；第五部分为基于灰色神经网络模型的财务预警，主要论述动态预警模型的具体实现过程，分模型指标体系的建立，BP神经网络的建立，动态财务预警与检验，以及预警结果分析四个部分全面阐述本文实证分析过程；第六部分为结论，总结本文研究得到的主要研究结论，以及本文研究中的创新之处，并对论文的不足与后续发展研究进行探讨。

My clothes used to arrive twice a year, in white boxes from London; they were sensible and they never varied. In summer I wore sea island cotton undershirts and, in winter, woolen ones with sleeves. I wore long socks or woolen stockings in winter, and short cotton socks in summer. I had three kinds of shoes: stout brown lace-ups, stout brown sandals, and flat pumps, made of bronze kid, which were reserved for parties, although I went to very few parties. In summer I wore cotton frocks and cardigans Jenna Knitted; in winter I wore gray flannel pleated skirts and gray flannel jackets. I had a succession of Harris tweed overcoats with velveteen collars, all of which were identical; a succession of identical pudding basin hats that clipped under the chin with elastic. I hated the scratchy winter vests, but apart from that, I never thought about my clothes a great deal, except when I went to visit my great-aunt Maud in London.

俺滴衣服每年两次，用白色盒子的盒子装着，从伦敦送达；我可以预见他们是怎么样的，他们从来没有改变过夏天，我穿海岛棉汗衫，冬天则是有袖的羊毛衫我在冬季穿长袜子或羊毛袜，夏天穿短棉袜我有三种鞋：褐色系带短帮鞋，啡色凉鞋和派对上穿的啡色小山羊皮平底舞鞋，虽然我很少参加派对夏天，我穿着棉上衣和珍娜织的开衫；冬天，我穿灰色法兰绒打褶短裙和灰色法兰绒外套我有系列的Harris斜纹软呢大衣，他们的衣领都是仿天鹅绒的，所有的这些都是完成一样的；一致的布丁一样圆圆胖胖，下巴位置下面有弹性的帽子我讨厌那种令人觉得发痒的冬季背心，但除此之外，我从来没有想过我的衣服着装是一件多么了不起的大事，除了当我去拜访在伦敦的莫德姑婆

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了