灰色

Based on grey decision analysis theory the advantage and disadvantage of classical grey clustering decision are discussed.

罗党以灰色决策分析理论为基础，探讨了经典灰色聚类决策方法的优势和不足。

Differential coefficient and difference simulation equation of gray model GM (1, 2), representing the relationship between 28d compressive strength and 4-32μ m particle content respectively is

颗粒粒级范围对强度的灰色系统关联度分析结果表明：对于普通硅酸盐水泥，4-8μm颗粒含量对水泥3d抗压强度的影响最大，8-16μm颗粒含量对水泥28d抗压强度的影响最大，对水泥90d抗压强度，则16-24μm颗粒的影响最大。28d抗压强度与4-32μm颗粒含量灰色模型GM（1，2）的微分方程和差分模拟式分别为

Among used machine learning methods, the gradient descent method is widely used to train various classifiers, such as Back-propagation neural network and linear text classifier. However, the gradient descent method is easily trapped into a local minimum and slowly converges. Thus, this study presents a gradient forecasting search method based on prediction methods to enhance the performance of the gradient descent method in order to develop a more efficient and precise machine learning method for Web mining.However, a prediction method with few sample data items and precise forecasting ability is a key issue to the gradient forecasting search method. Applying statistic-based prediction methods to implement GFSM is unsuitable because they require a large number of data items to model a prediction model. In the contrast with statistic-based prediction methods, GM(1,1) grey prediction model does not need a large number of data items to build a prediction model, and it has low computational load. However, the original GM(1,1) grey prediction model uses a mathematical hypothesis and approximation to transform a continuous differential equation into a discrete difference equation in order to model a forecasting model.

其中梯度法是一个最常被使用来实现机器学习的方法之一，然而梯度法具有学习速度慢以及容易陷入局部最佳解的缺点，因此，本研究提出一个梯度预测搜寻法则(gradient forecasting search method， GFSM)来改善传统梯度法的缺点，用来提升一些以梯度学习法则为基础的分类器在资讯探勘上的效率与正确性；而一个所需资料量少、计算复杂度低且精确的预测模型是梯度预测搜寻法能否有效进行最佳解搜寻之关键因素，传统统计为基础之预测方法的缺点是需要较大量的数据进行预测，因此计算复杂度高，灰色预测模型具有建模资料少且计算复杂度低等优点，然而灰色预测理论以连续之微分方程式为基础，并且透过一些数学上的假设与近似，将连续之微分方程式转换成离散之差分方程式来对离散型资料进行建模及预测，这样的作法不尽合理，且缺乏数学理论上的完备性，因为在转换过程中已经造成建模上的误差，且建模过程仅考虑相邻的两个资料点关系，无法正确反应数列未来的变化趋势。

The principle and characteristics of grey model are studied in this paper. The dynamic model GM(1,1) in the form of differential equation are modeled and used to forecast the newspaper circulation.

本文讨论了灰色模型的机理和特点，建立了描述我国报纸发行系统发展规律的灰色动态模型，并据此对报纸发行量进行了预测。

China's population;grey increment model of discreteness;grey increment model with new initial value;prediction of population

中国人口发展；离散灰色模型；新初值灰色增量模型；人口预测分析

The cold grey of his dressing-gown was almost the same as the cold grey of his eyes, and the pale buff of his waistcoat was the pale buff of his complexion.

他那晨衣的冷灰色几乎同他那眼睛的冷灰色是一样的，而他那背心的谈米黄色几乎同他那脸色是一样的。

This paper develops grey model, and offers modified grey model, and uses it to embankment settlement research.

本文在灰色模型的基础上进行改进，提出了修正灰色模型，并将其应用于路基沉降研究。

From fiber's property, yarn's property and fabric's structure, we can forecast the comfort of the end-product.

根据选定的原料性能及生产方案，确定预测指标的数值，然后采用灰色理论中灰色关联的分析方法建立服用织物舒适性能的预测模型。

How to judge whether judgement matrix has weak consistency or not is proposed, and the theory and algorithm to find equivalent consistency matrix of weak consistency judgement matrix is designed.

从寻求灰色判断矩阵的所有一致性白化阵、灰元的最小灰域的角度出发，去给出灰色判断矩阵的弱一致性和一致性定义，证明了一致性灰阵中所含信息均为一致性信息，并给出了判定矩阵是否具有弱一致性和寻求弱一致性判断矩阵的等价一致性矩阵的定理和算法。

The smooth condition for discrete series is studied, and some mistakes about the white exponential law is pointed out. The author proposes the modified condition of white exponential law which makes the data to apply the GM model.

研究了灰色系统理论中的关于离散数列的"光滑性条件"，指出其原有的"白指数律条件"的局限性，提出了新的修正型白指数律的条件，从而为数据应用灰色系统模型提供了检验方法。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。