灰泥状的

Hybrids of carbonate and terrigenous sediments Carbonate with terrigenous sediments are of characteristic from Emsian to Eifelian in stable shallow-sea faciesregion in Longmenshan area, and they can be classified evidently into hybrid Ⅰ and hybrid Ⅱ(Jingbaoshi-type). Type Ⅰ produced in mud shelf setting occupied hundreds of tempestite beds in which bottom cast、 hummocky cross bedding sandstones、 coquina were inter-beddded with shales that beared a great deal of verm traces、 bioturbations、 benthic communities dominative of brachiopods. Type Ⅱ in sand-mud-marl shelf was characterized by high-energy foreshore sandbeach facies and shelly bank facies.

碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积方面对微相、相特征、旋回样式、沉积机理研究表明，龙门山地区泥盆纪稳定浅海相区Emsian期和Eifelian期混合沉积十分发育，颇具特色，明显可以划分为两种类型：混积Ⅰ型，泥质陆棚背景下发育风暴沉积组构，幕式风暴期产生具丘状层理、底流冲刷构造的钙质砂岩、介壳岩，平息期则形成具大量虫管和生物扰动的深灰色、黄绿色页岩及海百合茎灰岩，腕足动物等大量繁盛；混积Ⅱ型，砂泥灰质陆棚背景下以发育高能前滨沙滩及生物介屑滩为特色，近滨至陆棚的砂泥灰互为混合，三者比例接近，肉眼难以区别确切岩石类型。

Using established dynamics model, the author has explained the genesis of numerous dolichos lablab limestone and siliceous limestone in the two growing stages of southern China, i.e. carbonates developing stages (Donggangling stage of middle Devonian and Changxing stage of late Permian). Because numerous carbonate rocks have been produced on the platform, at the same time, it is one of ignored material sources that numerous carbonate lime-mud have been transported from platform to basin.

运用所建立的动力学模型对中国南方两个重要的成礁期，即生物碳酸盐发育期(中泥盆世东岗岭和晚二叠世长兴期)，台盆内大量扁豆状灰岩和硅质灰岩的成因做了解释，因为台地上大量碳酸盐生产的同时，由台地向盆地输送的大量碳酸盐灰泥是盆地内的一个不可忽略的物质来源。

TheJiyang depression located in paleomonsoon climate zone in the period of the sahejieformation sedimentation, the wet and hot climate made ancient lake become deeperwater, enhanced stratification, reduced primary productivity of plankton, decreasingsedimentary velocity of carbonate, increasing sedimentary velocity of clay, fortifiedreductibility on certain degree, and then would be available for development of blackshale, dark shale and oil shale; In the contrast, the cold and dry climate lead ancientlake to shallower water, subdued stratification, increaser primary productivity ofplankton, enhancive sedimentary velocity of aphanitic carbonate, decreasedsedimentary velocity of clay, and then would be available for development calciteshale, calcite laminar shale, calcite mudstone, shaly carbonate rock, even laminarcarbonate or dolomite rock.

济阳坳陷在古近系沙河街组沉积期属于古季风气候带，在湿热的气候条件下古湖水加深，分层性增强，浮游生物的古生产力降低，隐晶碳酸盐的沉淀速率变小，粘土沉积速率加快，还原性一定程度上有所加强，有利于黑页岩、油页岩和暗色泥岩的形成：而相对干冷气候下，古湖水变浅，分层性减弱，浮游生物的古生产力增高，隐晶碳酸盐的沉积速率变大，粘土的沉积速率减慢，有利于钙质页岩、钙质纹层页岩、钙质泥岩、泥灰岩甚至纹层状碳酸盐岩、灰岩的发育。

In addition, 3 outcrops in the Chiahsien area were involved into this study, which including Ssutehsiang, Paiyunhsiangku, and Niupu. Purposes of this fieldwork have two folds. One is to compare the specific occurrences of carbonate-cemented mudstones in TKS, HKS, PPS, FS, and those in the Chiahsien area. The other is to recheck Hayasaka's descriptions (1932) about the unique occurrences of fossil lucinids bivalves and fossiliferous marls of Chiahsien and the southeastern Shoushan.

此外，选定甲仙地区四德巷、白云仙谷以及牛埔等三个剖面，以做为与在大岗山、小岗山、半屏山以及凤山等地基底泥岩中所见特殊碳酸盐胶结泥岩产状的比较，同时也藉此验证Hayasaka（1932）关於甲仙四德巷与寿山东南侧矿场泥岩顶部地层中，所含泥灰岩与大量巨带蛤化石的记载。

The FMI image of alga limestone reservoir features in floe or cloud-like, oilier boundary being not straight, asymmetry internal structure, disorder bedding, local dissolution; The FMI image of siltstone reservoir and calcareous siltstone features in bright-yellow, brown-yellow strip: and The FMI image of limestone and marlite feautures in white, bright-yellow and white black interbedded strips.

藻灰岩储层FMI图像呈絮状或云朵状，外部边界不平直，内部构造不均匀，层理无规律，局部有溶蚀现象；泥质粉砂岩与钙质粉砂岩的FMI图像为亮黄色、棕黄色条带；而石灰岩、泥灰岩为白色，亮黄色及黑白相间的条带。

Silicalites, predominated by pelitic silicalite, occur in collisional zones and back-arc basins. In the collisional zones, they occur as rock sheet as an important part ofophiolitic mé lange, belonging to ophiolitic mélange type silicalite. In the back-arc or interarc basin, they occur as pelitic silicalite intercalation varying in thickness, characteristic of "silica merl",and belonging to abyssal back-arc basin type or carbonate type silicalite. In the magmatic arc, they occur as intercalation related to volcanic hydrotherm or volcalic exhalation, belonging to volcanic arc type silicalite.

在硅质岩方面：冈底斯构造带侏罗系硅质岩主要属泥质硅质岩，在各个碰撞结合带和弧后盆地中均有产出，主要的产出状态有：①在碰撞结合带中呈岩块产出，构成蛇绿混杂岩的重要组成部分，属蛇绿混杂岩型硅质岩；②在弧后或弧间盆地中呈厚度不等的泥质硅质岩夹层产出，常具"硅灰泥"特征，属弧后深水盆地型硅质岩；③呈夹层状产于弧火山岩系中，属火山热液或火山喷气型硅质岩。

The Carboniferous is a key period of the Phanerozoic reef evolution. There are mainly six common types of the Carboniferous organic reefs:(1) phylloid algal mounds,(2) stromatolic mounds,(3) coral reefs,(4) Waulsortian mud-mounds,(5) Chaetetes mounds,(6) microbial-algal mounds.

石炭纪是生物礁地史演化过程中一个非常关键的时期，发育的生物礁类型有：叶状藻礁丘；(2)叠层石礁丘；(3)珊瑚礁；(4)Waulsortian灰泥丘；(5)Chaetetes礁丘；(6)钙质微生物－藻礁丘。

Silicalites, predominated by pelitic silicalite, occur in collisional zones and back-arc basins. In the collisional zones, they occur as rock sheet as an important part ofophiolitic mé lange, belonging to ophiolitic mélange type silicalite. In the back-arc or interarc basin, they occur as pelitic silicalite intercalation varying in thickness, characteristic of "silica merl",and belonging to abyssal back-arc basin type or carbonate type silicalite. In the magmatic arc, they occur as intercalation related to volcanic hydrotherm or volcalic exhalation, belonging to volcanic arc type silicalite.

在硅质岩方面：冈底斯构造带侏罗系硅质岩主要属泥质硅质岩，在各个碰撞结合带和弧后盆地中均有产出，主要的产出状态有：①在碰撞结合带中呈岩块产出，构成蛇绿混杂岩的重要组成部分，属蛇绿混杂岩型硅质岩；②在弧后或弧间盆地中呈厚度不等的泥质硅质岩夹层产出，常具&硅灰泥&特征，属弧后深水盆地型硅质岩；③呈夹层状产于弧火山岩系中，属火山热液或火山喷气型硅质岩。

The results show that one type of soft slurry occurs on the surface of mortar prism due to addition of limestone filler and a mass of thaumasite and gypsum forms in the slurry.

结果表明：掺石灰石粉使水泥砂浆受侵蚀后表面呈软泥状，主要腐蚀产物为硅灰石膏和石膏，表现为典型的TSA破坏特征，其强度损失率大于纯水泥砂浆。

The Eogene in Jiyang depression developed various of lacustrine shale, mudstoneand shaly carbonate rock, such as black shale, laminar shale riched in organic matter,calcite laminar shale, calcite shale, mud shale , laminar carbonate rock, and calcareous,silty, dolomitic, carbonaceous mudstone with the colour varied from gray-black topurple-red.

济阳坳陷古近系发育多种湖相泥岩、页岩和泥灰岩，包括黑页岩、富有机质纹层页岩、钙质纹层页岩、灰色钙质页岩、灰色页岩、纹层状泥灰岩以及从灰黑到紫红的各种颜色的钙质、云质、碳质和粉砂质泥岩。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。