灰

Valve: The sealing performance between valve check and seat ring will be damaged because of worn and corrosion. If this occur, close the main valve and take down the valve clack to polish.

阀门：吹灰器阀门因为吹灰介质的磨损和腐蚀，会引起阀瓣与阀座环间密封性的破坏，如果出现这种情况，应关闭吹灰器总阀，取下阀瓣研磨。

The paper includes the constitutes of system hardware, image pretreatment, the achievement of parameter detection artithmetic. The main work is as follow: The pater makes use of vanguard genetic algorithms in image segmentation, uses vanguard genetic algorithms to get the image threshold. Using this method we may get different grey vehicles from the background exactly. Used the support vector machine theory to conduct the vehicles automatic sorting simulation research, the simulation result had proven this method could quite be accurate carries on the vehicles type the recognition; Improved based on the background automatic renewal hypothesized examination region algorithm, enhanced timeliness and the accuracy which the vehicles examines; And to has carried on the specify based on the hypothesized examination region imagery processing algorithm realization; In the paper also introduced withdraws the algorithm based on the gradation continuous movement vehicles characteristic to carry on the vehicles the characteristic to withdraw as well as to use the localization method which colored filter same gradation chart processing unifies to carry on the realization method which the vehicles license plate locates.

本文根据智能交通控制与仿真对于交通流量、车辆到达率、车辆速度等交通信息检测的需求，基于视频图像进行了交通信息处理的算法研究与实现，主要工作包括以下几个方面：将先锋遗传算法应用到图像阈值分割中，利用先锋遗传算法寻求全局最优阈值，可以比较准确的将图像中不同灰度的车辆从背景中分离出来；采用支持向量机理论进行了车辆自动分类的仿真研究，仿真结果证明该方法能够比较准确的将车辆的类型进行识别；改进了基于背景自动更新的虚拟检测区域算法，提高了车辆检测的实时性和准确性；并对基于虚拟检测区域的图像处理算法实现进行了详细说明；论文中还介绍了基于灰度连续性的运动车辆特征提取算法进行车辆的特征提取以及采用彩色过滤器同灰度图处理相结合的定位方法进行车辆牌照定位的实现方法。

This algorithm mainly consists of two parts: auto shutter control based on cubic interpolating polynomial of common logarithm of the image average gray and image grey stretch technique based on experiment data analysis.

结合图像处理中的灰度拉伸技术，实现了一种方便、稳定及高精度的调光。其算法主要由基于场景灰度均值对数的三次多项式插值函数自动快门控制和图像灰度拉伸实现。

In order to test the influence of chemical pretreatment on the vitrification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash , phosphate solution and copperas solution were used to wash the fly ashes before they were undergone vitrification process.

在垃圾焚烧飞灰进行熔融玻璃化之前，先用磷酸盐或绿矾溶液对飞灰进行洗涤，研究这种化学稳定化预处理对飞灰玻璃固化效果的影响。

Cupel:To assay or separate from base metals in a cupel.

"灰吹，用灰皿提炼：在灰皿中检验或把…从低劣物质中分离出来。"

In order to determine the optimal conditions of water glass from oil shale ash, through orthogonal experiment, the influences of correlative parameters including NaOH concentration, material ratio (NaOH to oil shale ash in weight), reaction time and reaction temperature on the modulus of water glass or deliquescent rate of SiO2 were all studied.

为研究页岩灰制取水玻璃的最佳条件，分别以水玻璃模数和页岩灰中SiO2溶出率为指标，NaOH溶液质量分数、物料比（NaOH溶液与页岩灰的质量比）、碱浸时间和碱浸温度为影响因素。进行了正交试验。

A review on different demineralization processes for coal-based activated carbon including pretreatment,metaphase and post treatment was presented.

分析了煤质活性炭灰分的来源、赋存形式及煤质活性炭的灰分对活性炭性能的影响；并对煤质活性炭的前期、中期、后期3种不同的脱灰工艺进行了综述，分析了3种工艺实际应用中的优缺点。

Our model is subdivided into three categories, each category suit the heat exchanger of deferent type: the furnace, convective surface and trisector air preheater, all these categories use clean factor as the indication of the soot desposition level.

首先介绍了锅炉灰污染危害的现状，对比研究了国内外的灰污染监测手段和监测模型，并针对北仑1#锅炉，建立了锅炉各受热面灰污染监测模型，这些监测模型分为炉膛、对流受热面、以及三分仓空预器三种类型，采用清洁因子作为受热面灰污染状况的指标。

Using established dynamics model, the author has explained the genesis of numerous dolichos lablab limestone and siliceous limestone in the two growing stages of southern China, i.e. carbonates developing stages (Donggangling stage of middle Devonian and Changxing stage of late Permian). Because numerous carbonate rocks have been produced on the platform, at the same time, it is one of ignored material sources that numerous carbonate lime-mud have been transported from platform to basin.

运用所建立的动力学模型对中国南方两个重要的成礁期，即生物碳酸盐发育期(中泥盆世东岗岭和晚二叠世长兴期)，台盆内大量扁豆状灰岩和硅质灰岩的成因做了解释，因为台地上大量碳酸盐生产的同时，由台地向盆地输送的大量碳酸盐灰泥是盆地内的一个不可忽略的物质来源。

First scanning the known handwriting materials then number them ,In pretreatment, we convert the valid part of the image into a standard size, as images carries out duotone and go throw off chirp handling in order to achieve better effect.draw features from the known handwriting materials with the Co-occurence,especially,we divided a copy of handwriting into 25 little pieces with the size of 128*128 ,drawing features from every little piecese with four directions(0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees as well as 135 degrees) and calculate the four major feature values( veins and the statistical quantity of veins contrast and the statistical quantity of veins consistency Shang the statistical quantity of statistical quantity as well as the veins correlation of gray scale ), preservation all the feature value that drawn from all known ma terials to the handwriting characteristic database,then input the unknown handwriting materials, also using the method of the Co-occurence to draw those features, recycling the minimum European Distance law match the unknown writing material feature value with the handwriting characteristic feature database, export the label of the known hand writing materials which is most similar to the unknown material with minimum European Distance, and then we can confirm who is the author of the unknown material.

首先将笔迹材料作为图象扫描输入，并对其进行编号。预处理部分可将笔迹图象的有效部分规范化到一个统一尺寸，接着对其进行二值化和去除噪声的处理，以便于更好的提取图像的特征。在此我们采用了灰度共生矩阵法提取手写笔迹材料的纹理特征，与以往有所不同的是，我们将一份手写材料分割成64块大小为80*80象素的子图象，每个小块都从四个方向（0度、45度、90度以及135度）来更全面的提取特征，并计算出四个最主要的特征值（纹理一致性的统计量、纹理反差的统计量、纹理熵的统计量以及纹理灰度相关性的统计量），将从所有已知材料提取的特征值保存到纹理特征库中，对于待检手写材料，同样采用灰度共生矩阵的方法提取其纹理特征，再利用最小欧氏距离分类法将从待检手写材料中提取的特征值与纹理特征库中的特征值进行比对，与欧氏距离比对值最小的相匹配，输出匹配成功的原材料的标号，进而识别出待检材料书写者的身份。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。