灭菌

Sterilization of bioactive products is one of the most important operations to many foods and Pharmaceuticals.

灭菌在现代食品与药品的生产中占有重要的地位，目前最常用的灭菌技术是加热灭菌方法。

Abstract］ objective to evaluate the effect of regulating bloodmobile sterilization management.methods making a statistical contrast to the number of bacterial in the air flow,on object surface in the bloodmobile car before and after regulating sterilization management.results before regulating management,the total excess rate of bacteria in the air is 41.67% while the rate of object surface is 20.83% in the car.after regulating management,the total excess rate of bacteria in the air is 4.17% while the rate of object surface is 0.00%.the differences were significant.conclusion to realize regulative and effective sterilization management,consolidate sterilization measures,guarantee the quality of blood and the safety of blood collection is of important significance.

摘要］ 目的评价规范流动采血车消毒灭菌管理的效果。方法对流动采血车内的空气、物表在规范消毒灭菌管理前后细菌培养数量的统计对比。结果规范管理前车内空气细菌总数超标率达41.67%，物表达20.83%。而规范管理后车内空气细菌超标率是4.17%，物表细菌超标率是0，差异有统计学意义。结论对流动采血车实施规范有效的消毒灭菌管理，务实消毒灭菌措施，对保证血液质量和采血安全具有重要的意义。

According to the origin and characteristic of feather's unusual smell,the antiseptic method and deodorizer have been discussed in detail from two aspects-the elimination unusual smell and preventing the unusual smell in the future.

根据羽毛异味的来源和特性，从消除异味和防止日后异味重现二方面，较详细探讨了在现在和可见的未来，羽毛灭菌除臭的手段和灭菌除臭剂的配制技术，寻找到一种相对绿色环保并且灭菌除臭效率比较高的羽毛灭菌除臭剂。

It turned out reproduction rete of chrysanthemum was raised,the regular,non-plant diseases and insect pests could be offered to the market. Shoot tip were used as explants to study the effects of different sterilization methods, illumination intensity and concentrations of 6-BA and NAA on shoot propagation. Rooting with perlite, vermiculite and river sand instead of agar was studied. In the process of preliminary multiplication, the effect of using 0.1% HgCl_2 in sterilization of explants was better than using saturated bleaching solution. The highest multiplication rate was found under whole illumination. MS media with 6-BA from 0.2 mg·L~(-1) to 5 mg·L~(-1) and NAA from 0.05 mg·L~(-1) to 2 mg·L~(-1) were tested and as a result, the highest differentiation rate and the multiplication rate was reached with 0.2 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA, 0.05 mg·L~(-1) NAA.

本实验以菊花的茎尖为外植体，研究了不同灭菌方法，光照强度，全光照、半光照和弱光处理以及不同6-BA和NAA浓度及配比对于试管苗增殖的影响，并研究了珍珠岩、蛭石和河砂等琼脂替代物对于菊花生根的影响，结果表明：在初代培养物建立的过程中采用0.1％升汞进行表面灭菌的效果好于饱和漂白粉的灭菌效果；在全光照条件下外植体的增殖倍数最高；在试管苗增殖培养的过程中，以MS为基本培养基，并在培养基中添加0.2～5mg·L~(-1)6-BA和0.05～2mg·L~(-1)NAA，其中0.2mg·L~(-1)6-BA和0.05mg·L~(-1)NAA最适于外植体的分化和增殖，其分化率为100％，增殖倍数为12。

To prevent epidemical disease prevalence caused by microorganisms in indoor air, a study was carried out to investigate the effect of ventilation, peracetic acid and ozonization on microorganisms reduction in the indoor air within a campus. The experimental results indicated that ventilation was an effective measure in reducing indoor air microorganisms with economy and simple operation.

为了防止室内空气微生物导致的传染病发生，对某校园室内的空气进行通风、过氧乙酸和臭氧灭菌降低微生物的实验研究结果表明，通风可以有效地降低室内微生物的浓度，是最为经济和易行的措施；过氧乙酸灭菌效果好，持续时间较长，可在不易实施通风情况下采用过氧乙酸灭菌；臭氧具有迅速杀菌的效果，使用时要与人保持一定距离，最好超出 1m。

The degradation of DDTs fitted pseudo-first-order kinetics equation. The constants of degradation rate of DDTs between sterilized control and unsterilized control as well as between sterilized laccase addition and unsterilized laccase addition were close respectively, with the latter much higher than the former.

DDTs的降解过程符合拟表观一级动力学方程，非灭菌对照处理和灭菌对照处理之间，以及非灭菌加酶处理和灭菌加酶处理之间DDTs的降解速率常数分别相近，且加酶处理的降解速率常数明显高于对照处理。

For each sterilisation cycle, records should be made of the time taken to complete the cycle, of the pressure, temperature and humidity within the chamber during the process and of the gas concentration and of the total amount of gas used.

每一个灭菌循环的记录包括完成灭菌循环的时间，在灭菌过程中灭菌器内部的压力，温度，湿度，以及气体的浓度和总的用量。

Specializes in medical institutions for the field of disinfection and sterilization to provide product support and technical services, management deal with a variety of products including surgical instruments and medical apparatus cleaning enzyme, lubricants, rust agents, disinfectants, sterilization monitoring products, sterilization instruction card, instruction tags, BD test kits, sterilization monitoring products, water quality monitoring products, all kinds of stainless steel carts, packing Units, the next delivery vehicles, storage cabinets, stainless steel basket sterilization, washing trays, packaging materials , ultrasonic cleaning, and sealing machine, cutting machine, cleaning gun, equipment inspection equipment, a variety of protective products, infection control management software, as well as disinfection and sterilization professional in the field of program planning, training, technical support and services and so on.

上海欣沛医疗器械有限公司专业为医疗机构内消毒灭菌领域提供产品支持和技术服务，经营产品包括处理各种手术器械及医用器具的清洗酶、润滑剂、除锈剂、消毒剂，灭菌监测产品、灭菌指示卡、指示标签、BD测试包，消毒监测产品、水质监测产品，各种不锈钢推车、打包台、下送车、存放柜，不锈钢灭菌篮筐、清洗托盘，包装材料，超声波清洗器，封口机，切割机，清洗喷枪，器械检查设备，各种防护产品，感染控制管理软件以及消毒灭菌专业领域内的方案规划、培训、技术支持与服务等等。

Abstract］ objective to understand the medical institutions in the use of pressure steam sterilizer in the effect and the influencing factor,explore regulatory measures.methods with the spot investigation and scene examination,3mtmattest pressure steam sterilization and biological indicator train was used to monitor the effectiveness of disinfection.results in the monitoring of the 238 chinese medical institutions equipped with pressure steam sterilizer 337 units,the sterilization rate was 95.2%,medical institutions had different levels of disinfection and sterilization equipment,a large gap was between the level of management,equipment failure,non-standard operation,operator training without sterilization were the main reasons for failure.conclusion in medical establishment with the pressure steam sterilizer,antiseptic qualified rate is not too high,strengthening the pressure steam sterilizer purchase card management,standardizing the operation,stepping up supervision are the key to increase pressure steam sterilizer sterilization effect.

目的 了解医疗机构使用中压力蒸汽灭菌器使用效果及影响因素，探讨监管措施。方法采取现场调查及现场检测相结合的方法，采用3mtmattest压力蒸汽灭菌生物培养指示剂进行消毒效果监测。结果在监测的238家医疗机构中共有压力蒸汽灭菌器337台，灭菌合格率为95.2%，各级医疗机构对消毒灭菌设备的管理程度差距较大。设备发生故障、操作不规范、操作人员未经培训等是造成灭菌不合格的主要原因。结论医疗机构使用中压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌合格率不高，加强对压力蒸汽灭菌器进货索证管理，规范操作，加大监管力度是提高压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌效果的关键。

RESULTS 154 the examples put out the germ the wet pack contain 18.2% is because put out the germ machine to break down with the result that,36.4% is because put out the blemish of the germ packing tool or the structure characteristics of the apparatuses with the result that,46.4% is because of put out the germ lading up the existent blemish with the result that.

结果 154例灭菌湿包有18.2%是因为灭菌器故障所致，36.4%是因为灭菌包装器具的缺陷或器械的结构特点所致，46.4%是因为灭菌装载上存在的缺陷所致。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。