火焰

A simulated burnt piece of coal or wood, usually a plastic casing having a wood-like or coal-like coating, with a light source mounted therein, and a strip of cloth having a shape of fire flames billowed above the simulated burning medium by blowing wind. A vision of jiggling fire flame may be viewed through a partially translucent screen made of plastic.

现有的电壁炉火焰模拟装置中，一类装置为模拟煤炭或树枝状碳块的燃烧介质，通常这些燃烧介质由表面涂有树枝状木材颜色的塑料壳体替代，里面装有一组灯泡光源，来模拟燃烧树枝状木材时的效果，再用一组火焰形状的丝绸布料飘带悬挂在燃烧介质上方，通过空气的吹动来带动飘带飘动时的投影效果，通过半透明的塑料屏幕与镜面玻璃，可以看到火焰闪动的视觉景象。

As a result, the flame spectrum of the whole waveband and the image corresponding to every flame spectrum data were obtained in the experiments.

通过实验，最终获得目标火焰在全波段范围内的光谱数据，并得到每一帧对应的火焰图像，为全面进行火焰光谱和图像研究以及燃烧特性分析奠定了基础。

This project focuses on the joint time frequency characteristics of different phenomena in different types of fire disaster, such as pool fires, boilover, smoke movement, and different classes of fire. The temperature, optical density, heat radiation, combustion noise, and velocity of thermal flow are analyzed by joint time frequency method.

本项目研究中针对各种火灾场景：如油池火焰在水雾、风作用下的变化、扬沸过程中诸参数的变化、烟气运动过程、各类火焰等进行了实验与分析，对实验中的温度、火焰消光度、热辐射、燃烧噪声、速度分布等参数进行了联合时频域的分析。

With the development of combustion research and the temperature measurement as well as relevant techniques, the flame temperature measuring techniques begin to enter the common industry fields from labs, and extend to the aviation and aerospace industry. At the beginning of the 1980s, the Ijumdien Institute in Holland began to develop many industry flame temperature measurement installations based on thermal couples. And later, the National Aerospace Administration also successfully employed the Coherence Anti-stokes Raman Stokes in the flame temperature diagnostic of the precombustion chamber of space shuttle main engine (SSME, liquid H〓/O〓 propellant).

随着燃烧研究的深入和温度测量及其相关技术的不断发展，从1980年，火焰温度测量技术开始由实验室走向工业现场、从一般工业现场走向航空航天领域：欧洲以荷兰的Ijmuiden研究所为代表，研究开发了很多基于热电偶的工业燃烧火焰温度测量装置；美国国家航天局则成功地将相干拉曼斯托克斯方法用于航天飞机的主发动机（SSME，液氢液氧发动机）预燃室燃烧火焰温度诊断上。

Flame retardants may interrupt or change the decomposition process in several ways:(1)they may melt at relatively low temperatures and resolidify in the form of a foam, which serves as a barrier to heat transfer from the flame to the substrate;(2) they may be converted upon heating into acids or bases, which catalyze the decomposition of the substrate at lower temperatures than are required for the formation of volatile combustibles;(3 ) they may decompose orsublime upon heating to release large amounts of nonflammable vapors which exclude oxygen from the flame; or (4) they may react with chemicakl species within the flame to stop the combustion reaction.

阻燃剂可以从几个方面干涉或改变织物的分解过程：（1）阻燃剂在相对较低的温度时会熔化，然后重新固化成泡沫状，这样就形成了一个屏障，阻止了从火焰向织物的热传递。（2）阻燃剂受热时会分解成酸或碱，这些酸或碱在低于可生成挥发性可燃物的温度下可以催化织物的分解。（3）阻燃剂在受热时会分解或升华，同时释放出大量不可燃气体，这就阻止了氧气对火焰的供应。（4）阻燃剂可以与火焰中的化学物质起反应，使燃烧反应终止。

The article describes the advantage of flame-out phenomenon through temperature measurement and sample analysis at flame root.

阐述火焰根部测温法的试验过程以及对用火焰根部取样分析法来判别火焰离焰现象的优越性。

The homunculi were a byproduct of Chantico's earlier attempts to give life to fire using the rarest of his powers: the ability to turn his living flesh into flames, and-rarer still-return to flesh again.

他们是查安逖克以前尝试给火焰生命的实验中的副产品。他当时使用了他最珍贵的魔法力量-------将他的身体变成火焰，更稀奇的是，他能把火焰重新转化为人。

For instance.. a fire enhanced monster could have swirls of fire coming in torwards him when he sort of "Implodes." I invision swirls of fire going into him as he dies..

比如，一个火焰强化的怪当它内爆时应该出现一个火焰漩涡效果，我想像当它死亡时火焰漩涡进入它的身体。。

A.S.Byatt 在小说 Possesion 中这样说: A man is the history of his breaths and thoughts, acts, atoms and wounds, love, indifference and dislike; also of his race and his nation, the soil that fed him and his forebears, the stones and sands of his familiar places , long-silenced battles and struggles of conscience, of the smiles of girls and the slow utterance of old woman, of accidents and the gradual action of inexorable law, of all this and something else too, a single flame which in every way obeys the laws that pertain to Fire itself, and yet is lit and put out from moment to the next, and never be relumed in the whole waste of time to come.

男人是一部历史，这是一部蕴含着他的呼吸、思想、行为、琐碎、创伤、爱情、冷淡和厌倦的历史；也是一部包含着他的种族、国家、祖先、喂养他的土地、熟悉的沙石、长期沉默的斗争和内心意识挣扎的历史；还是一部蕴藏着姑娘的微笑、老妪的低语、众多的事故、缓慢的行动和必然的法则以及所有其他事件的历史。无论从什么方面来看，一支火焰总是要遵守从属于火光本身的法则，而这支火焰也每时每刻被它点燃和扑灭；在即将到来的整个虚度中，火焰从来没有被重新点亮。

For visualizing non-uniform absorbing, emitting, non-scattering, axisymmetric sooting flame s, a new emission CT method is used to estimate temperatures and soot volume fractions simultaneously in a candle flame and a kerosene flame from the monochromatic radiation intensity images captured by a flame image detector.

基于烟黑辐射特性，利用烟黑单色辐射强度图像信息，采用CT算法同时重建含烟黑火焰温度与烟黑浓度分布，对蜡烛火焰与煤油火焰的温度与烟黑体积分数进行了测量。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。