火焰

The results show that the liftoff height of the CH4/Air jet flame decreases with the increase of the coflow temperature, and the change of the liftoff height versus the coflow temperature presents the twostages behavior, and the stabilization of lifted flame is dominated by the autoignition of premixed homogeneous mixture in lower coflow temperature range. The phenomena of rapid multipoint autoignition were observed in the experiment of diesel fuel spray issuing into the CATA, and a special lifted flame appeared with a triple flame.

结果表明：甲烷气体燃料火焰起升高度随协流温度的升高而降低，呈现出两阶段变化特点，低温段发生了明显的自燃现象，其火焰稳定由均质混合气自燃所主导；柴油液雾燃烧试验观察到了快速的多点自燃现象，形成了独特的起升火焰，有三重火焰的特征。

It has been observed that the volume, shape and color of the flame changed significantly in the test condition mentioned in the paper.

实验表明助燃剂温度及其含氧量对火焰特性有非常显著的影响，高温低氧条件下的火焰体积、火焰亮度与颜色、火焰形状等特性明显改变。

The assumption of unity Lewis number in the flamelet model of turbulent combustion is examined and the influence of differential diffusion and radiation on the flamelet structure, nitric oxide emission and extinction limit is investigated.

对拉伸层流扩散火焰面进行了数值模拟，考察了在以往湍流燃烧的火焰面模型中，假定Lewis数等于1的可靠性，研究了不同分子扩散和火焰辐射对火焰面结构、氮氧化物排放和熄火临界的影响。

On the respect of partially-premixed combustion research, we systematically studied the structure of partially-premixed flames in counter-flow and coaxial jet flow by using direct calculation and flamelet modeling.

在部分预混燃烧研究方面，本文结合火焰面模型和直接求解的方法，在对撞射流流场和同轴伴流流场中系统研究了部分预混火焰的结构特征，提出以预混燃料的当量比和当量混合标量耗散率作为描述部分预混火焰结构变化的参量的观点，并比较了它和非预混火焰的异同。

The application of flamelet model based on level set in premixed turbulence combustion;2. A methane turbulent non-premixed flame has been simulated numerically by the combination of laminar flamelet model and presumed probability density function.

将小火焰模型和假定的PDF方法相结合，模拟甲烷湍流射流扩散火焰，稳态火焰面结构由层流小火焰数据库得到，采用详细化学反应机理描述甲烷的氧化和NO以及碳烟的生成，数值模拟结果和实验数据吻合较好，说明小火焰模型可以较准确地计算出扩散湍流火焰中的燃烧过程。

Firstly, the two parts are solved separately, and the results are then coupled together. Because the thickness of the combustion reaction zone at high Re and Da numbers is less than the turbulent diffusion scale in diesel engines, the flame is extremely thin, its micro-structure keeps the laminar structure, so the turbulent flame can be regard as the ensemble of locally one dimensional, thin laminar flamelet embedded within the turbulent flow field.

由于柴油机中在高雷诺数和高Damkoeler数的情况下，燃烧反应区厚度小于湍流耗散尺度，火焰极薄，其微元保持层流结构，因此，湍流火焰可视为嵌入湍流流场内局部具有一维结构的薄的层流小火焰的系综，这便构成了层流小火焰模型主导思想，同时也使层流小火焰模型模拟柴油机湍流燃烧过程成为可能。

Due to the problems existing in simulation on physical model of fire, such as heavy calculation, high complexity and difficulty in real-time simulation, a new real-time simulation method was raised based on fluid model and GPU acceleration. This method, based on the physical characteristics of fire, such as incompressibility, low density and inviscid, used the fluid equations to calculate the properties of fire. Then by accelerating this method through GPU, the real-time simulation of fire was realized and a realistic effect was achieved.

针对目前基于物理模型模拟火焰的计算量大、复杂度高，很难进行实时模拟的问题，提出了一种基于流体模型和GPU加速的火焰实时模拟方法，该方法根据火焰的不可压缩、低密度、无粘性等特点，通过流体方程计算火焰的物理属性，并将其求解过程在GPU中并行加速，从而大幅度提高了算法的运算速度，实现了火焰的实时模拟，并取得了较真实的模拟效果。

He arranged his students in a line. Mahui was to boost the heat of the existing stone while Kagu took on the responsibility of splitting it into two separate spheres. Gibil would then psychokinetically move one of the cloned fireballs to Chantico, who would weave the fire stone incantation. Ikez, Teteo and Gabija would do the same. Nanni's pyrokinetic potential was not as great as the others', but he compensated in arcane intuition.

他让学生们站成一排，玛恚负责给做好的火焰石加热，卡古负责将一个火焰石分成两个不同的火球，吉泊勒运用心灵力量将其中克隆的那块火焰石运送到查安逖克面前，由他给这块火焰石下咒语，艾柯资、特脱和高比佳和查安逖克做同样的工作，兰妮的魔法力比其他人要弱小些，但他的神秘直觉给了他很大的补偿。

FleIm; flem/ v 1 burn with a brighter flame 燃烧;发出火焰: The burning coals started to flame yellow and orange.

燃烧著的煤开始发出了黄色与橙色的火焰。

Secondly the estimation of power spectrum of flame signal was made, and it was found to be able to reflect the stability of combustion state, which meaned that when the results of estimation of power spectrum showed that the frequency range in which the signal had certain value of energy became wider, and the peak value became larger, the extent of combustion stability became worse.

本文首次将色度学的原理引入到煤粉火焰颜色定量研究中来，试验研究发现，火焰的色度坐标可以反映火焰中风煤配比的变化：当色度坐标变小时，对应于风煤比变大，并且色度坐标对贫燃火焰反应敏感。据此可用来监视燃烧火焰中风煤配比是否失调。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。