火灾

Base on the risk analyses on popular and fire-prone appliances such as air conditioner, refrigerator, washer, television and water heater, etc., results from research by experts world-wide together with our own experience of investigating fire accidents, this paper reviews and presents research results on causes of fire and the investigation methods. We propose several major factors which lead to most of the accidents of home appliance fire. These factors include flaws in design, failures of components, environmental conditions and improper operations.

本文的主要工作及结果如下： 1、通过对空调器、电冰箱、洗衣机、电视机和电热器具(包括电熨斗、电热毯、电热水器)等常见的、容易引起火灾的家用电器的工作原理和结构特点进行分析，指出容易引起火灾的因素，并参考国内外火灾事故调查专家和同行的研究成果，总结出家用电器火灾发生的主要原因是由于设计制造缺陷、元器件故障、外界环境影响和使用者操作不当等几大因素造成的。

Conflagration autoalarm system is that a kind of is able to discover and report fire behavior in time , taking effective measures controlling and putting out a fire but setting up the automation fire control facilities in building middle or other lieu and, is an ability improve the building taking precautions against natural calamities saving self , checks in the bud with the conflagration , cuts down the forceful implement that the conflagration endangers.

火灾自动报警系统是一种能够及时发现和通报火情，并采取有效措施控制和扑灭火灾而设置在建筑物中或其它场所的自动消防设施，是提高建筑物的防灾自救能力，将火灾消灭在萌芽状态，减少火灾危害的有力工具。

This paper analyzes the fire character, fire type and extinction methods of light oil outward floating roof tank in general.

简要分析了轻质油品外浮顶储罐的火灾特点、火灾类型以及灭火方法，重点对密封圈火灾和浮顶爆炸火灾的扑救力量部署进行了分析确定。

As the incertitude of factors influencing the evaluation, this paper uses the index of urban fire risk evaluation for reference and put forward comprehensive fuzzy evaluation which is applied to urban fire risk, the aim is to provide a new way for urban fi...

本文综合考虑引发城市火灾的一些不确定影响因素，借鉴相应的城市火灾风险评价指标体系，应用模糊综合评价理论和方法，对城市火灾风险进行评价，为城市火灾风险提供一类有效的评价方法。

This paper, based on multi information database of smoke aerosol in early fire, concludes and analyzes the inherent ability of forward scatter-type photoelectric smoke detector. A feasible arithmetic disposal technology and an intelligent way for fire detection are proposed, which effectively improves the fire detection and antijamming ability of current forward scatter-type photoelectric smoke detector.

以国家科技部973项目中建立的火灾探测应用环境及火灾信息数据库为依据，对目前使用最为广泛的前向散射型光电感烟探测器固有特性的归纳和分析，通过数据挖掘，提出一种切实可行的算法处理技术和智能判断火灾方法，有效提高了现有前向散射型光电感烟探测器的火灾探测及其抗干扰能力。

The forth part presents the experiments on fire area resistance and retroversion of fire smoke by using integrative fire simulation system of mine laneway network, with the results compared with the simulative numerical value, and the part also brings forward a new conception named fire area resistance which reflects character of fire resistance of mine laneway network. A general dimensionless calculation formula is deduced which presents the rule of smoke retroversion distance when fire occurs.

第四部分运用井巷网络火灾综合模拟实验系统进行了火区阻力和巷道火灾烟流滚退的实验研究，并与数值模拟结果进行了对比，提出了反映井巷网络火灾阻力特性的火区阻力新概念，推导出巷道火灾时期表征烟流滚退距离变化规律的通用无因次计算公式。

The architectural characteristics of high buildings decides the risk of fire and the importance of the automatic fire alarming system. A set of integrity automatic fire alarming system is the beneficial guarantee of the people's life and property when a high building fire occurs and it's the key of if people can discover the fire quickly and accurately to put it out at the embryotic place of the appearance of fire.

高层建筑的特点决定其火灾的危险性和高层建筑的火灾自动报警系统的重要性，一套完整的火灾自动报警系统是高层建筑发生火灾时人们生命财产的有利保障，是能否快速准确地发现火情，把火灾扑灭在萌芽状态的关键所在。

Aset of integrity automatic fire alarming system is the beneficialguarantee of the people's life and property whena high building fire occurs and it's the key ofif people can discover the fire quickly and accurately to put itout at the embryotic place of the appearance of fire.

高层建筑的特点决定其火灾的危险性和高层建筑的火灾自动报警系统的重要性，一套完整的火灾自动报警系统是高层建筑发生火灾时人们生命财产的有利保障，是能否快速准确地发现火情，把火灾扑灭在萌芽状态的关键所在。

The so-called intelligent fire auto alarm system, must be: The smoke which the use survey component has period produces, warm the fire, the light equisignal to simulate the quantity form, transmits together with the outside related environment parameter for the alarm apparatus, the alarm apparatus again the mass # which saves according to the gain # and the interior, judges the fire using the fire model criterion whether to exist, such system is called the intelligent fire auto alarm system.

所谓智能火灾自动报警系统，应当是：使用探测器件将火灾发生期间所产生的烟、温、光等信号以模拟量形式，连同外界相关的环境参数一起传送给报警器，报警器再根据获取的数据及内部存储的大量数据，利用火灾模型判据来判断火灾是否存在，这样的系统称为智能火灾自动报警系统。

In this paper, preliminary FDS fire chamber to simulate the flue gas generated through the corridor adjacent to the room near the migration laws, an analysis of indoor air flow field and the movement of smoke layer, and through the simulation of fire scenes, in a simple form of visual dynamic display of the entire process of fire, in the simulation process to obtain more accurate fire-related parameters such as temperature distribution, gas flow and heat radiation, and analysis of simulation results through the fire chamber of the flue gas migration characteristics, results showed that the chamber in the absence of fire smoke control measures, the process of the spread of smoke filled the first chamber is at the top, with the passage of time, the proliferation of slowly downward until the entire chamber is full, and then through the corridor smoke quickly spread to the nearby chamber.

本文运用FDS初步模拟了腔室火灾产生的烟气通过毗邻的走廊向附近房间迁移的规律，分析了室内空气流场和烟气层运动状况，并通过对火灾场景的模拟，以简单直观的形式动态显示出火灾发生的全过程，在模拟过程中获得较准确的火灾相关参数，如温度场分布，烟气流动及热辐射等，并通过模拟结果分析腔室火灾的烟气迁移特性，结果表明着火腔室在无防排烟措施的情况下，烟气扩散的过程是首先充满腔室顶部，随着时间的推移，慢慢向下扩散，直至将整个腔室充满，然后烟气通过走廊快速向附近腔室蔓延。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。