火成岩

The scene of the geo-park is rich in volcanic rocks, which predominately consists of pyroclast-bearing and volcanoclastic rocks with porphyritic texture and can be classed into plutonic, epizonal, intrusive, extrusive and eruptive environments.

通过对大别山金刚台国家地质公园火山岩的岩性特征、火山岩相、相模式和火山机构的研究，认为火成岩斑状结构的含碎屑碎屑状岩石可以有深成、浅成、侵出、喷溢或爆发等不同产状。

The results show that the samples are of calc-alkaline series, the primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns are characterized by relative enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and depletion in high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Ti, P etc.). REE patterns are of slightly right inclined type with unobvious Eu anomaly.

分析得出样品为钙碱性；原始地幔标准化微量元素分布型式显示相对富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb等，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P等；稀土元素具有略向右倾的配分型式，且铕异常不明显，显示其具有与消减作用有关的岛弧火成岩的特征。

A usually coarse-grained igneous rock composed chiefly of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene.

已经在地表凝固的火成岩；花岗岩、闪长岩或辉长岩的。

The olivine-pyroxenite and pyroxenite with crystalloblastic texture and cumulate texture in Mesozoic igneous rocks from western Shandong and western Liaoning reveal that the several magmatic underplating events had taken place before the formation of Mesozoic host-rocks.

鲁西、辽西中生代火成岩中具有变晶结构和堆积结构的橄辉岩-辉石岩类包体的岩石学、矿物学、元素和同位素地球化学研究揭示了该区中生代寄主岩形成之前，曾有过多次的岩浆底侵作用发生。

Rhyolite is an igneous rock, rich in silica.

流纹岩是火成岩，富有在硅土里。

"The rumors and misinformation that persist focus only on igneous stones, like granite, and do not involve stones such as marble, travertine, slate, limestone, soapstone and others," said Mattke.

约翰说：谣言和误导一直针对火成岩，并没有波及其它石材如大理石，洞岩，板岩，石灰石，皂石和其它石材。

Widely accepted as they are, the classification of pyroclasts and the petrographic classification of pyroclastic rocks stipulated by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks fail to consider the classification with Chinese characteristics, which was put forward in 1950s to 1960s and improved in 1980s to 1990s and has since been widely used in China.

虽然目前国际地科联火成岩分类命名委员会确定的火山碎屑物和火碎屑岩岩性分类已得广泛推广，但此分类尚有不足之处。

Its main aims include:(1) understanding the magmatic processes of the volcanic rocks and their petrogeneses;(2) discussing the possible enrichment processes induced by subduction of continental slab;(3) providing geochemical constraints on the nature of lithosphere (including the subcontinental lithospheric mantle and lower crust) of the different tectonic units confined by the major faults across the belt; and (4) geochemical comparison of the lithosphere in an attempt to define the possible boundary between the North China and Yangtze Blocks during Mesozoic time.

中文摘要：项目开展了穿越苏鲁造山带南北向晚中生代火山岩及相关火成岩的廊带剖面(包括苏鲁带的胶东、青岛、滁州和下扬子地区的溧水盆地)的地球化学研究，理解各区块晚中生代岩浆作用过程和成因，探索大陆俯冲作用的地幔富集过程以认知各主要断裂围限地区的岩石圈性质；通过对比不同地区的岩石圈性质来限定苏鲁地区华北与扬子陆块的中生代碰撞边界。

But detail geochemical study indicates (Wu et al., 2002)that those rocks have low Sr〓(0.706), high ε〓(-0.5～-1.9), young age of Nd model age (970-1090Ma) and syngenesis with surrounding I-type granites. The rock originated from partial melting of source igneous rock and belongs to I type granites. The occurrence of high alumina minerals is related to the intense interaction of magma and liquid during the late period of magma evolution, and tetrad REE patterns are formed.

但详细的地球化学研究表明(Wu et al。，2002)，岩体具有低的Sr〓(0.706)、高ε〓(-0.5～-1.9)、年轻的Nd模式年龄(970-1090Ma)及与周围Ⅰ型花岗岩的共生关系，认为岩体是火成岩源岩物质部分熔融的产物，属于Ⅰ型花岗岩，高铝矿物的出现与岩浆演化晚期强烈的岩浆—流体相互作用有关，并形成特征的稀土元素四分组效应。

Important natural geological analogues are volcanic glass and meteoric glass(anal-ogues of solidified mass), clay minerals (natural analogues of backfill material), iron meteorite and copper deposits (natural analogues of waste containers), natural nuclear reactors, uranium deposits, iron deposits containing Th and REE and contact zones between igneous rocks and other rocks (natural geochemical analogues of HLW repository).

目前已有的地质类比研究对象主要有火山玻璃，陨石玻璃，粘土矿物，铁陨石，铜矿床，铀矿床，含含Th和REE的铁矿床，天然核反应堆和火成岩接触带等。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。