火山的

The study shows that in various continental downfaulted basins in eastern China,the China East Sea basin of the southeast sea region and the continental shelf—Qiongdongnan basin and Zhujiangkou basin—of the northern South China Sea,CO2 in CO2 reservoirs and CO2-rich oil/gas reservoirs is of typical volcanic mantle-derived type and that its migration and concentration is mainly controlled by mantle-derived volcanism and gas-conducting distribution of deep basement faults connected with the gas source at depth. CO2 is mainly sourced from substantial amount of CO2 associated with mantle-derived volcanism at the deep level of the crust. CO2 in the CO2 reservoirs and CO2-rich oil/gas reservoirs in the Yinggehai basin on the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea is of crust origin and crust-mantle mixing origin and mainly controlled by local,layer-by-layer and zone-by-zone,multiple intrusion of late hydrothermal fluids in mud diapir areas and physico-chemical processes of very thick Pliocene-Miocene marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone.

研究表明，中国东部陆上诸断陷盆地与东南沿海海域的东海盆地及南海北部大陆架琼东南盆地和珠江口盆地CO2气藏及高含CO2油气藏中，CO2均属典型的火山幔源型成因，其运聚富集主要受控于幔源型火山活动与沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，CO2气源主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动伴生的大量CO2；南海北部大陆架西区莺歌海盆地CO2气藏及含CO2油气藏中的CO2，属于壳源型及壳幔混合型成因，主要受控于泥底辟热流体晚期分层分块多期的局部上侵活动与沉积巨厚海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学作用，其运聚分布具多期和分层分区的特点。

By TM images the linear structures, water system, the outer edge of Tianchi Volcano trachite are extracted. By the sensitivity of SAR images to geomorphology, the distribution of parasitical volcano cone and lava fornix around Tianchi volcano are interpreted. With the aerial photos the parasitical lava of Qixiangzhan, Baiyun and Bingchang stage are filtered. At the same time by orthogonal cross-course wavelet transform, texture analysis is carried on to ERS-2 SAR images, and the texture characters are filtered. On the basis of the spectrum character of multi-band of TM images, multi-band algebraic grouping is made, and the factor of texture character factor and band grouping of TM images are input to BP neural network classification model. The good classified results are received.

利用TM图像对线性构造、水系、天池火山粗面岩锥体外边缘的提取；利用SAR图像对地形敏感特性，提取了天池火山周围寄生火山锥体及熔岩穹丘的分布；利用航片对天池火山口周围的气象站期、白云期、冰场期等寄生喷发物进行了提取：同时利用正交小波变换对ERS-2 SAR图像进行了纹理分析，提取了纹理特征：根据TM图像不同波段的光谱特征，进行了波段代数组合，并把纹理特征参数与TM图像的波段组合及DEM一起输入BP神经元网络分类器，取得了较好的分类效果。

Based on the subcrustal mantle convection-generated stress field inversed by gravity anomalies, together with its relationship to the Cenozoic volcanism in the plateau, and the mechanism of crustal fracture formation, as well as the numerical results of the evolution of mantle convection beneath the plateau, this paper investigates the deep mechanical mechanism for the formation of a magma transportation channel in the Tibetan Plateau.

为了研究火山形成基本要素―岩浆运移通道的形成，基于重力异常反演的青藏高原下地壳底部的地幔对流应力场，结合地壳破裂形成机理和对流应力场与青藏高原新生代火山分布的关系，以及青藏高原下地幔对流演化的数值模拟结果，分析了高原火山岩浆运移通道产生的深部力学机制。

The two volcanic materials are similar but are also different ①the partition mode of rare-earth element is similar to that of the basalt.②the increase content of the rare-earth element content in transitional layer shows that it enrichs in this segment due to the volcano events. Moreover, the comparability of the partition mode shows that the volcano-genic materials and the basalt are of the same source.③low Eu anomaly different from the high Eu anomaly of medium-acidic tuff in Meishan section, that show that their formation is different④there are plentiful basalt detritus.⑤there are enrichment of the Ti element.⑥the lower content of siderophile element of Ni and Co, especially in the transitional layer, show that there were not extraterrestrial events and big scale basic or ultrabasic volcano eruption events in this area. These characteristics show that the sedimentary source of Xuanwei Formation and Kayitou Formation is basalt.

1稀土元素配分模式与玄武岩类似；(2)稀土元素含量在异常层的增加反映了火山事件导致了它在该段地层中的富集，而配分模式的相似性反映了火山物质来源与玄武岩具有同源性；(3)低"Eu"异常区别于煤山剖面的中酸性凝灰岩高"Eu"异常模式，说明界线粘土岩成因也不同于煤山剖面的界线粘土；(4)大量的玄武岩岩屑；(5)Ti元素的富集；(6)亲铁元素Ni和Co含量较低，特别是在界线异常层含量降低，表明本区在界线处可能并不存在地外事件和大规模基性、超基性火山喷发事件，这些特征反映本区宣威组和卡以头组物质来源主要为玄武岩。

Our project is based on Cenozoic volcanic rocks and deep seated xenoliths in it to reconstruct the source composition and ctructure. We did field investigation, collection of samples, determination of age and composition characteristics of selected samples. The new achievements are following. 1 recognized a potassic metasomatic source of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks through an integrated research of volcanic rocks and their sources. 2 analysis of TM images suggests the Tuoyun basin is a basin with a volcano group instead of a simple volcano-tectonic basin. We found several volcanic craters and cone, and detected three such craters. 3 systematic reseach of volcanic sections and collection of samples both of volcanic rocks and xenoliths, the later includes peridotite, granulite, gneiss and variety of megacrysts. This is propitious to our further research at this rigion. We would like to point that we collected some peridotite large than 20cm in diameter. It could used to variety of analysis and end the history without mantle chemistry records in the region. 4 we got a U-Pb SHRIMP age of 3.87 Ma for the Kangxiwa basalt.It is the youngest record of U-Pb SHRIMP age in China and provide a chronology restriction for last uplifting of Tibet plateau. 5 the investigation of alkali syenite-synogranite in Taxkogan suggests that the origin of Parmir syntex is related to the Cenozoic magmatism.

本项目立足于从火山岩属性和深源捕掳体反演源区成分与结构两个途径，利用火山岩综合研究成果对地幔源区进行了初步反演，提出源区经受过强烈钾质交代的观点；对重点工作区TM图像进行了初步解译，新发现若干了火山口，并对其中三个火山口作了实地查验，为进一步全面深入开展该区的火山地质学及相关科学问题打下了良好基础，认为托云盆地是一个火山群，而不是一个单一的火山构造盆地；系统测制了火山岩剖面，新采集了一批重要的火山岩和深源岩石捕虏体样品，为下一步工作打下基础，特别是采集到了直径打20cm的幔源橄榄岩包体，可用于各种测试，将可以结束西部造山带没有地幔岩化学分析结果的历史；对康西瓦玄武岩进行了测年分析，取得了我国目前最年轻的锆石U-Pb SHRIMP年龄，对青藏高原挽近地质时期的隆升提供了年代学约束；对帕米尔东缘塔什库尔干碱性岩体的动力学意义进行了探讨，提出青藏高原西部构造结的形成与岩浆活动有关的观点。

The 9,186-foot mountain was spewing ash 1,640 feet into the air Wednesday, but not as high as a day earlier, when the clouds reached 3,280 feet, said Surono, from a government-run volcanology center in Bandung, West Java province.

在政府管理的火山学中心工作的苏若努说，这座9186英尺高的火山上周三喷出的火山灰高达1640英尺，但仍不如前一天的喷发高度——3280英尺。该火山学中心位于爪哇西部的万隆。

The three kinds of associated minerals have implied the characteristic mineral combination of volcanic tuffaceous alteration, which illustrated the reliable deposition of the contemporaneous palaeovolcano events and signified the diagenetic epigenetic alteration records in the volcanic tuffaceous matters transiting from the acidic environment to the alkaline environment.

这三种矿物共生构成火山凝灰质蚀变的特征矿物组合，是同生期古火山事件的可靠沉积和成岩后生蚀变记录，也是火山凝灰物质成岩后生条件由酸性过渡到碱性的古环境转变的标型记录。

Rock also comes from volcanoes in other forms, including ash (finely powdered rock that looks like dark smoke coming from the volcano), cinders, and pumice (light-weight rock that is full of air bubbles and is formed in explosive volcanic eruptions - this type of rock can float on water).

岩石也可以在火山上以其他形式迸出，包括灰烬（从火山中看上去像烟的粉末状的岩石），熔渣，和轻石（轻的充满空气泡泡的岩石，从爆发的火山中形成的--这种岩石可以浮在水面上）。

Nanhauang-His stream and The Beihaung-His are located in the volcano function area, the stream has introduction of the sulphur gas and hot spring water of volcano, changes the environmental condition of the water body, influences the heavy metal and moves the course.There is a hot spring in area on the volcano after one The Shuang-His streams belongs to too, but the carbonic acid spring, there is less content of sulphate.Therefore, we can realize it was pH value that influenced the dissolving heavy metal to move mainly.

南磺溪与北磺溪的地区属后火山区域有喷气孔、硫气孔和温泉的存在，溪水有火山硫磺气体与温泉水的输入，改变水体的环境条件，影响到重金属迁移过程，双溪也属后火山区域有一处温泉，但属於碳酸泉，硫酸盐含量较少，由此我们可知，主要影响溶解性重金属迁移的是pH值。

The Philippines is situated in the so-called Ring of Fire, an arc of fault lines circling the Pacific Basin that is prone to frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Mayon's most violent eruption, in 1814, killed more than 1,200 people and devastated several towns.

菲律宾位于所谓的&火山环&上，一个沿太平洋盆地的弧形断层带，该地带极易频发地震及火山喷发。1814年，Mayon的最强烈的火山喷发，超过1200人死亡，毁灭了数个城市。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷