火山岩

The Mesozoic volcanic rocks are mainly located in Huoshiling Formation and Yingcheng Formation. The former consists of basaltic andesite, trachyandesite and dacite, the latter is composed of basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite and rhyolite. The cathodoluminesence images and high Th/U ratios of the zircons suggest their magmatic origin.

松辽盆地南部中生代含火山岩地层主要包括火石岭组和营城组，其中火石岭组火山岩由玄武安山岩－粗安岩－粗面英安岩组成，营城组火山岩由玄武质粗面安山岩－粗面安山岩－流纹岩组成。

The distributive range and thickness of volcanic rocks can be predicted by their seismic reflection features,and the distributive law can be analysed by strata whose geology is revealed through well drilling.

通过火山岩在地震上的反射特征，可预测火山岩的分布范围和厚度；通过钻井地质揭示的地层，可研究火山岩的分布规律。

Meanwhile, they show high abundances of Sr and Ba and high Sr/Y and La/Yb. The volcanic rocks have varied and enriched Nd isotopic compositions ε(subscript Nd=-11~-17, which plot intermediately between the field of the ancient continental crust and the field of the enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. These geochemical signatures indicate that the volcanic rocks of the Tiaojishan and Donglingtai Formations were originated from a process of hybridization between the enriched mantle-derived mafic magma and the lower continental crust.

火山岩的钕同位素成分变化大，且相当富集ε(下标 Nd=-11~-17，都分布在古老下地壳和富集地幔之间，因此推断北京西山地区髫髻山组火山岩和东岭台组火山岩的形成与富集地幔起源的基性岩浆与古老下地壳组分相互作用有关。

Sub-volcanic rocks include andesitic porphyrite, rhylitic porphyry, cryptoexplosive breccia as well as autobreccia etc.(2) Volcanic lithofacies——through the observation of cores, identification of thin sections and interpretation of well logs and seismic data, there are 8 kinds of lithofacies for the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng Formation are identified: fallout facies, effusion facies, pyroclastic flow facies, base surges facies, lahar facies, eruption-sedimentary facies, subvolcanic facies and extrusion facies.(3) Three types of eruption——i. e. explosion, effusion and surge.(4) Two kinds of eruptive environments——Subaerial (e. g. volcano in Well Shangshen 3) and subaqueous .(5) Three remarkable volcanic apparatus in Shengping-Wangjiatun area——layered, micro-shield and cone volcanoes according to volcanic processes and lithofacies distribution.

次火山岩有安山玢岩、流纹斑岩、隐爆角砾岩及自碎角砾岩等；(2)火山岩相——通过岩芯观察、镜下鉴定、测井与地震资料解释，营城组火山岩中发育8种岩相类型，即爆发空落相、溢流相、火山碎屑流、基底涌流相、喷发沉积相、火山泥石流相、侵出相和次火山相等；(3)火山喷发的形式——有爆发、溢流和涌流三种；(4)火山喷发环境——有陆上(如尚深3井火山)和水下两种；(5)火山机构类型——根据火山作用特点和岩相分布特征，在升平—汪家屯地区识别出三类截然不同的火山机构，即层火山、微型盾火山和渣锥火山。

The greenstone belt is a typical volcanic-sedimentary formation formed by metabasic-acid volcanic rocks and partly metasedimentary rocks. The bimodal volcanic rocks are mainly tholeiite, which transforms upward into calc-alkali volcanic rock series.

绿岩带为典型的变质基性－酸性火山岩及部分变质沉积岩系构成的火山-沉积建造，火山岩以拉斑玄武岩为主，向上过渡为钙碱性火山岩系列，表现为双峰态型特点。

This thesis studies the volcanic tectono-petrofacies, petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry, isotopic chronology, stratum and high-precision SHRIMP zircon U-Pb datings of the Mt.Yandangshan volcano-intrusive complex, and concludes that: Yandangshan volcanic rock units belong to high-K calc-alkaline acid rock associations, mainly ryholitic and trachytic dacitic in composition. They have A/CNK values of 0.9-1.2 (i.e., aluminium saturation and supersaturation), enriched LREE and LILEs and depleted HFSE. Their 8Eu values are 0.11-0.32, indicating a evident fractional evolution of plagioclase crystallization. Their ∑REE varied very limitedly,(87~Sr/(86)Sri ratios and eNd values are 0.7086～0.7095 and -10.20～-9.96 for volcanic rocks, and 0.7087~0.7095 and -7.6～6.92 for the central intrusive facies syenite, which means that all the igneous rocks from Mt. Yandangshan are evolutional products of magmas with the same source, and that they derived mainly from crust, but mixed with mantle components.

本文从火山构造岩相学、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、同位素年代学、地层学等方面出发，同时结合高精度SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年，对雁荡山火山岩进行了系统的研究，确定雁荡山火山岩为一套以流纹质和粗面英安质为主体的高钾钙碱性酸性岩石组合，A/CNK值集中在0.9～1.2之间，为铝饱和或铝过饱和类型；富轻稀土元素和大阳离子亲石元素、相对亏损高场强元素：负铕异常明显，δEu值为0.11～0.32，表明岩浆经历了以斜长石为主的强烈结晶分异作用：岩石样品的∑REE变化有限，火山岩样品的~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7086～0.7095，εNd为-10.20～-9.96，中央侵入体石英正长岩~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7087～0.7095，εNd为-7.6～-6.92，表明它们是同源岩浆分异演化的产物，物质来源主要为陆壳，但有地幔物质参与。

Combining the available regional geological and geophysical research, the petrogenesis of the magmatism was studied. As a response and absorption to the IndiaAsia collision, the northeastward flow of the asthenosphere beneath the Tibetan Plateau along the 400 km depth interface was blocked by the North China craton, and caused a systemic sequences in West Qinling Region, including the strikeslip fault systems and pullapart basins in the shallow crust and the origin of the twotype magmatism in this work in deep lithosphere. This explanation is consistent with the lithology and plumelike geochemical features of the kamafugite and potassic trachybasalt, which are significantly different from the potassic magmatism within the plateau and its adjacent regions.

结合前人对该区深部地球物理和断裂构造的研究，论证了火山岩的起源与成因，指出作为对印度-欧亚大陆强烈碰撞的吸收与调节，高原下软流圈地幔流沿400 km界面向北东方向的侧向流动以及西秦岭周边克拉通块体的阻挡，是形成西秦岭断裂系左行走滑特征和巨大拉分盆地的主要原因，也是导致西秦岭新生代两类钾质火山岩和碳酸岩起源与成因的动力学机制，较好地解释了西秦岭新生代岩浆作用起源深度大，具有地幔柱源的地球化学特征，岩石组合与地球化学有别于高原内部及其周边地区新生代钾质火山岩的原因。

Investigation results demonstrate that the age of intermediate to alkaline potash rich volcanic rocks of the first cycle of the Qingshan Formation is 109.9±0.6 Ma; and the age of the acidic rhyolitic volcanic rocks of the second cycle of the Qingshan Formation ...

结果表明，青山组第一旋回中偏碱性富钾火山岩的形成年龄为10 9.9± 0 。6Ma ，第二旋回酸性流纹质火山岩形成年龄为 10 8.2± 0 。6Ma ，据此确定胶莱盆地青山组火山岩应为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。

Lithological characteristics of sublacustrine white smoke type exhalative rock of the Xiagou Formation in Jiuxi Basin;2. In order to solve this problem, the author have studied the Lithological characteristics , forming environment,volcanic facies and reser.

基于此，作者通过对徐家围子地区火山岩的岩石学特征、形成环境、火山岩相与储集性能关系的综合研究，试图为该区火山岩油气藏的勘探开发提供必要的基础理论支持。

The authors have made simulation experiments on the interactions of valcanic gas-hydrothermal solutions with subvolcanic-volcanic rocks (diaba- se, andesitic-tdff, a.ndesite and tuffaceous sandstone) based on field observa- tions of three iron ore deposits in volcanic rock areas of Cihai and Yamansu, Xinjiang and Huanggangliang, Inner Mongolia.

本文作者在火山岩地区的新疆磁海、雅满苏和内蒙黄岗梁三个铁矿床进行野外工作的基础上，模拟火山气热液与次火山岩-火山岩(辉绿岩、安山质凝灰岩、安山岩和凝灰质砂岩)相互作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。