火山学的

This thesis studies the volcanic tectono-petrofacies, petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry, isotopic chronology, stratum and high-precision SHRIMP zircon U-Pb datings of the Mt.Yandangshan volcano-intrusive complex, and concludes that: Yandangshan volcanic rock units belong to high-K calc-alkaline acid rock associations, mainly ryholitic and trachytic dacitic in composition. They have A/CNK values of 0.9-1.2 (i.e., aluminium saturation and supersaturation), enriched LREE and LILEs and depleted HFSE. Their 8Eu values are 0.11-0.32, indicating a evident fractional evolution of plagioclase crystallization. Their ∑REE varied very limitedly,(87~Sr/(86)Sri ratios and eNd values are 0.7086～0.7095 and -10.20～-9.96 for volcanic rocks, and 0.7087~0.7095 and -7.6～6.92 for the central intrusive facies syenite, which means that all the igneous rocks from Mt. Yandangshan are evolutional products of magmas with the same source, and that they derived mainly from crust, but mixed with mantle components.

本文从火山构造岩相学、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、同位素年代学、地层学等方面出发，同时结合高精度SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年，对雁荡山火山岩进行了系统的研究，确定雁荡山火山岩为一套以流纹质和粗面英安质为主体的高钾钙碱性酸性岩石组合，A/CNK值集中在0.9～1.2之间，为铝饱和或铝过饱和类型；富轻稀土元素和大阳离子亲石元素、相对亏损高场强元素：负铕异常明显，δEu值为0.11～0.32，表明岩浆经历了以斜长石为主的强烈结晶分异作用：岩石样品的∑REE变化有限，火山岩样品的~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7086～0.7095，εNd为-10.20～-9.96，中央侵入体石英正长岩~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7087～0.7095，εNd为-7.6～-6.92，表明它们是同源岩浆分异演化的产物，物质来源主要为陆壳，但有地幔物质参与。

Focusing on the PGE enrichment mechanism in the basic-ultrabasic intrusions in the Panxi rift, firstly, through the interpretation of TM photograph, data processing of regional geochemical exploration and geophysical prospecting results of gravity, magnetic force and seism, we analyzed the controlling effect of structure and magmatic movement on the PGE mineralization; Secondly, through the study of volcanic apparatus, petrography, measurement of comprehensive geochemical section, isotope tracing and dating of typical PGE-rich melanocratic rock series, we discussed the sources of the PGE-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions and basalts, their timing, evolvement sequences, the geochemical processes of magma crystallization and fractionation, and the relationship between magma evolution and structural development; Finally, through the analysis of PGE and chalcophile elements concentrations in the melanocratic rock series and the contrastive study with the Noril''sk magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposit, its related continental flood basalts and Siberia Traps, we discussed PGE mineralization characteristics and its enrichment mechanisms in the melanocratic rock series in the Panxi rift.

本项目首先围绕川西地区主要的PGE矿床及伴生矿的地质环境和有关的地质构造背景，通过TM卫片解译、区域化探和重、磁及地震物探资料分析，总体把握构造及岩浆活动对PGE成矿的控制作用；然后通过对典型富PGE暗色岩套的火山机构地质构造、岩石岩相学、地球化学、同位素定年和示踪等方面的工作，分析本区基性－超基性含矿岩体与喷出岩之间的成岩物质来源、侵入时代及演化序列，研究该区同一岩浆房分异结晶的地球化学过程及其随构造发展的耦合关系；最后通过对暗色岩套PGE地球化学剖面分析以及与俄罗斯诺里尔斯克陆内裂谷溢流型玄武岩中PGE矿化的岩石－构造环境对比研究，探讨该区暗色岩套中的矿化特点和富集部位及其PGE富集机制。

The author has paid attention to the two kinds of lavas which locate the south-east end of the Kalamaili belt. Through the field investigate and the geochemistry experiment the author has contrasted the two kinds of lavas in the ophiolitic melange, made clear the tectonic background and summarized the geochemical characteristic and then discussed the formed environment and tectonic significance.

作者以该蛇绿混杂岩中的两类中基性火山熔岩为研究对象，通过野外实际观察和室内地球化学实验分析，将这两类火山熔岩进行对比研究，弄清其大地构造背景，总结其地球化学特征，并由此探讨该蛇绿混杂岩的形成环境及其构造学意义。

Much attention is paid to petrologic recognition marks and distribution regulation of volcanic event strata in coal-bearing sequences of Taiyuan formation in the middle of North China.

研究了华北中部太原组含煤地层中火山事件层的岩石学识别标志和分布规律。

Much attention is paid to petrologic recognition marks and distribution regulation of volcanic event strata in coal-bearing sequences of Taiyuan formation in the middle of North China.

概要：桑树勋刘焕杰贾玉如摘要研究了华北中部太原组含煤地层中火山事件层的岩石学识别标志和分布规律。研究结果表明：含煤地层中广泛发育火山事件层。

This paper discusses the merits and shortcomings of the estimation methods previously used for the degree and mass of magma degassing in the volcanic eruption. On the basis of these methods, the authors propose a new petrological method for the estimation performed at various stages in the process of volcanism, and illustrate the detailed steps as exemplified by the Jingpohu Holocene volcanic eruption.

本文对前人使用的火山喷发过程中岩浆脱气率和脱气量的估算方法进行了评述，并介绍了如何利用岩石学方法估算火山喷发不同阶段岩浆脱气率和脱气量的具体步骤，同时以镜泊湖地区全新世火山为例说明利用该方法估算的具体过程。

The Tuyon Basin contains pyrolite inclusions. The mineralogical character of high-pressuremegacrysts, and the Mg*'、 NiO content and petrographic characteristic of volcanic rocks showthat the Tuyon Basin has the characteristics of primitive mantle magmas.

托云火山中含有上地幔岩石包体，高压巨晶的矿物学特征以及火山岩的Mg#、Ni0含量、岩相学特征等证据均表明托云盆地内存在幔源原生岩浆的产物。

The author analyses and studies in detail through X-diffraction test of up to date special reserver samples and find that 1:1 regulation mix layers of corrensite and allevardite exists in some piecis of the eroded volcano tuff 's sandstone at the same time, and can appear continuously in a large amount In a certain limit, authors point out characteristic of corrensite and allevardite in this district and it's mining to genesis mineralogy that related to stratum water and trace element geochemistry characteristics.

作者通过最近的海拉尔盆地特殊储层样品的X衍射试验分析和详细研究，发现1：1规则混合层矿物柯绿泥石和钠板石同时存在于海拉尔盆地含火山凝灰质蚀变储层或非储层的某些井段中，而且在一定范围内的岩石孔隙中可以大量持续出现，指出了本区柯绿泥石和钠板石的组合特征，结合该区地层水和微量元素地球化学特征以及重砂特征等研究了柯绿泥石和钠板石的成因矿物学意义和其它石油地质意义。

The study of volcanic rocks in orogenic belts aims mainly at retracing the tectono-magmatic evolutionary history of orogenic belts.

造山带火山岩石学研究的主要目的在于重溯造山带的构造－岩浆演化历史。

Volcanoes; plate tectonics; recent eruptions; USA; Hawaii; Cascade mountains; Alaska; calderas; active volcanoes

关键词：火山；板块构造学；新近的爆发；美国；夏威夷； Cascade山；阿拉斯加；喷火山口；活火山

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。