火山

Since 1991, China and Spain have built together two observation stations at Cueva and Timanfaga in the volcanic active region of Lanzarote Island, and carried out the dynamic monitoring and observation of crustal deformation and geothermal flow.

对合作研制的 2 9台监测仪器开展长期稳定实验，积累了大量观测资料和数据。初步分析表明：仪器运行良好，记录长期稳定可靠；Cueva站的仪器记录主要反映区域或全球地球物理环境或动力学效应，应变潮汐和倾斜潮汐的O1波、M2 波具有较高精度，显示火山目前活动微弱；Timanfaya站的仪器记录主要反映局部的火山活动信息，显示火山仍在活动但呈下降趋势。

This paper discusses the merits and shortcomings of the estimation methods previously used for the degree and mass of magma degassing in the volcanic eruption. On the basis of these methods, the authors propose a new petrological method for the estimation performed at various stages in the process of volcanism, and illustrate the detailed steps as exemplified by the Jingpohu Holocene volcanic eruption.

本文对前人使用的火山喷发过程中岩浆脱气率和脱气量的估算方法进行了评述，并介绍了如何利用岩石学方法估算火山喷发不同阶段岩浆脱气率和脱气量的具体步骤，同时以镜泊湖地区全新世火山为例说明利用该方法估算的具体过程。

Veined,stockwork and alteration-sheathed gold ores have been found in the area,belonging to four genetic types:the volcanic hydrothermal ores related to early—middle Carboniferous volcanism; subvolcanic hydrothermal ores related to intermediate—acidic porphyry intrusions; hydrothermal ores to the granitic intrusion and dynamo- hydrothermal ores related to regional dynamic metamorphism along the faults.

矿石类型有含金石英大脉型、石英网脉型和蚀变岩型。矿床成因类型有4种：一为火山热液型，其成因与区内早—中石炭世火山作用有关；二为潜火山热液型，与中酸性斑岩体侵位有关；三为岩浆热液型，与花岗质岩浆的侵位有关；四为动力变质热液型，沿断裂带分布于蚀变玄武岩中，系区域动力变质作用的产物。

Veined,stockwork and alteration-sheathed gold ores have been found in the area, belonging to four genetic types: the volcanic hydrothermal ores related to early-middle Carboniferous volcanism; subvolcanic hydrothermal ores related to intermediate-acidic porphyry intrusions; hydrothermal ores to the granitic intrusion and dynamo- hydrothermal ores related to regional dynamic metamorphism along the faults .

矿床成因类型有4种：一为火山热液型，其成因与区内早-中石炭世火山作用有关；二为潜火山热液型，与中酸性斑岩体侵位有关；三为岩浆热液型，与花岗质岩浆的侵位有关；四为动力变质热液型，沿断裂带分布于蚀变玄武岩中，系区域动力变质作用的产物。

The largest lake: Lake Taupo ⑤the highest peak: Mt Cook in South Island.

多山，3/4地区海拔200米以上3.3座火山在北岛：鲁阿佩胡火山，扭鲁货伊火山和汤加里4。

Type-B Nodule: The source of elements in the nodules comes from slow deposition of the overlying water and the diffusion of the pore water, which comes mainly from the double decomposition reaction of Fe, Mn oxides caused by the oxidation diagenesis of organic material in sediment and its forming process and distribution is controlled by pH in the pore water. There is no corrlation between distribution of the nodules and water depth, topograph.

A型结核主要分布于深海火山沉积环境区，受上覆水Mn〓和Eh制约；B型结核一方面由于在深海火山沉积环境区，受生物作用影响，另一方面在生物沉积环境区，又受火山作用影响，使此类结核的分布与大洋地貌和沉积物的关系不明显；C型结核主要分布在太平洋CCD范围内，受沉积环境上生物和活性有机碳的制约。

The products of Yandunling volcano are trachybasalt.

广西合浦县烟墩岭火山是一座第四纪小型中心式喷发的火山，是我国华南火山在第四纪喷发活动的代表之一。

Over one hundred sixty volcanic cones,pyroclastic sheet,river valley lava and eight maars with phreatomagmatic eruption genesis distribute of Longgang volcano,Jilin Province.The volcanic rock of Longgang volcano is trachybasalt with very similar chemical composition(SiO2=48-50%).

龙岗火山区分布160多个玄武质火山渣锥，以及火山碎屑席、河谷熔岩和8个射气岩浆喷发的低平火山口－龙湾，所有火山岩为单一钾质粗面玄武岩(SiO2变化于48-50%)。

The three kinds of associated minerals have implied the characteristic mineral combination of volcanic tuffaceous alteration, which illustrated the reliable deposition of the contemporaneous palaeovolcano events and signified the diagenetic epigenetic alteration records in the volcanic tuffaceous matters transiting from the acidic environment to the alkaline environment.

这三种矿物共生构成火山凝灰质蚀变的特征矿物组合，是同生期古火山事件的可靠沉积和成岩后生蚀变记录，也是火山凝灰物质成岩后生条件由酸性过渡到碱性的古环境转变的标型记录。

Their lithologic types are dominated by vitric tuff vitric crystal tuff and medium-fine tuffy sandstone and their genetic types mainly belong to complicated type of the airborne-water-carried and the airborne type.

研究了华北中部太原组含煤地层中火山事件层的岩石学识别标志和分布规律。研究结果表明：含煤地层中广泛发育火山事件层。火山事件层的岩石类型以玻屑凝灰岩、玻屑晶屑凝灰岩和凝灰质中细粒砂岩为主。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。