火山

Nor is explosive power the only measure of a volcano's spitefulness. The eruption of Laki, an Icelandic volcanic fissure, in 1783 sent poisonous gases across Europe.

然而爆发力不是衡量火山威力的唯一标准。1783年，冰岛莱基的火山裂缝曾排出有毒气体，并使其遍布欧洲。

A good many mico-landblock of the early Neoproterozoic-Cambrian volcanic rock that distribute in the Tianshan orogenic belt and on its both sides, and the Carboniferous-Permian volcanic rocks that widely distribute in the Tianshan and adjacent regions are selected for subject investigating in this paper. Renewing the ocean-land format and ocean-land conversion process of Tianshan orogenic belt in the Paleozoic is the masterstroke for this paper. On the basis of detailed field investigation, many subjects, such asregional lithology、geochemistry、structural geology、volcanic sedimentology geology、sotope geochronology and synthesis analysis study of geophysics data, are adopted as instrumentality in the paper, this study lays emphasis on the formation, evolution and dynamics of early Neoproterozoic-Cambrian and Carboniferous-Permian volcanic rock in the Tianshan and its adjacent regions to find out Carboniferous-Permian volcanic rock property, eruptive sequence, time and space distribution characteristics, to resume and reconstruct evolution process of Carboniferous-Permian volcanic rock, and to explore connection of magmatism process and lithosphere stretching action of neopaleozoic ocean-land transformation in the Tianshan region.

本文选择分布于天山及其两侧的诸多微陆块上新元古代—早寒武世火山岩和天山地区广泛发育的石炭纪—早二叠世火山岩为研究对象，以恢复重建天山造山带古生代洋陆格局和洋陆转换过程为主线，在详细的野外工作基础上，综合运用区域岩石学、地球化学、构造地质学、火山沉积学、同位素地质年代学、区域地球物理资料综合分析研究等多学科手段，重点研究天山及其邻区新元代—早寒武世和石炭—二迭纪火山岩系的形成演化及其动力学，查明天山石炭纪火山岩系的性质、喷发序列、时空分布特点，恢复重建其形成演化过程，探索天山地区晚古生代洋陆转换过程中火山岩浆作用与岩石圈拉伸作用的关系。

Volcanoes; Mayon; subglacial eruptions; explosive eruptions; hotspots; lava balloons; images; climate model; climate; Azores; mid ocean ridge; MOR

关键词：火山；马荣火山；冰下爆发；爆炸性爆发；热点；熔岩气球；图像；气候模型；气候；亚述尔群岛；中间海洋脊

Creating pools of plopping volcanic mud at the Wai－O－Tapu Thermal Park.

罗托鲁瓦因其在香槟湖地热公园内冒着火山泥的火山地热喷泉而闻名于世。

Rotorua is known for its volcanic thermal vents creating pools of plopping volcanic mud at the Wai－O－Tapu Thermal Park.

罗托鲁瓦因其在香槟湖地热公园内冒着火山泥的火山地热喷泉而闻名于世。

Some scientists have suggested that Toba caused the deep freeze and that perhaps such an event happening today could bring on a new ice age.

一些科学家们提出：是多巴火山引起了地球的深层冻结，假如当今有这样的火山爆发，或许会引起一个新的冰河时代。

Professor Stanley Ambrose of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign believes that the eruption of the volcano Toba in Sumatra roughly 70,000 years ago was responsible for a volcanic winter that caused an instant ice age.

伊利诺大学的安不罗斯教授认为，位于苏门答腊的多巴火山在70，000年前的一次喷发与因火山冬季瞬间形成的冰河时期有着一定的联系。

Some 75,000 years ago a super-eruption from the site of Lake Toba in Sumatra blasted out more than two hundred cubic miles of ash over an area of over a million square miles.

大约75000年前，位于苏门答腊岛的一超级火山发生火山大爆发，其奔发出来的200立方英里的火山灰足以覆盖了一百万平方英里。

Paleoclimate evidence suggests that the Toba eruption, which occurred during the last ice age, emitted lots of sulfur dioxide--vastly more than Mount St. Helens did.

古气候方面的证据显示，多巴火山喷发发生在最后一个冰川期，喷出了大量二氧化硫，远超过圣海伦斯火山的喷发量。

A new study puts to rest questions about whether Toba plunged Earth into a 1000-year deep freeze and whether an equivalent event today could jump-start a new, millennia-long ice age.

对于多巴火山喷发是否将地球带入了历时千年的深寒期，现在同等规模的火山爆发是否会引起新的千年冰川期等疑问，一项新的研究给出了否定答案。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。