灌浆

Ribose/galactose/methyl galactoside importing ATP-binding protein 1 was participated in photosynthates transportation from leaf to grain in early and mid-stages.

分析结果表明，核糖／半乳糖／甲基半乳糖苷运输ATP结合蛋白l在灌浆前中期参与物质向籽粒的运输；生长素响应蛋内IAA27通过调节ATPase活性影响叶片物质运输；N-乙酰谷氨酸半醛脱氢酶在灌浆末期参与叶片的多胺代谢，延缓叶片衰老；谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和Cu/Zn-超氧化物歧化酶在籽粒灌浆后期的植物解毒和防御活性氧伤害中起着重要作用。

With 3 waxy maize varieties and a normal maize variety as the tested material, the Logistic equation was used to fit the grain filling process so as to analyze the relationship between the a series of filling parameters and days after pollination and compared the grain filling characteristics of normal maize and waxy maize.

方法］以3个糯玉米品种和1个普通玉米品种为试验材料，用Logistic方程拟合籽粒灌浆过程，分析一系列籽粒灌浆参数与授粉后天数的关系，比较普通玉米与糯玉米的籽粒灌浆特性。

Results showed that the grain filling rate were faster in prophase and metaphase of filling stage than anaphase, when the date of average temperature preponderate ranges 27.9℃ to 29.8℃ after heading stage 20d. But when the date of average temperature preponderate ranges 25.2℃ to 25.9℃ after heading stage 20d, the results were reverse.

结果表明：优质食用稻籽粒灌浆后20d日平均温度在27.9￣29.8℃时，籽粒灌浆前、中期速度快，后期速度慢，整精米率相对较低；籽粒灌浆后20d日平均温度在25.2￣25.9℃左右时，籽粒灌浆前、中期速度慢，后期速度快，整精米率相对较高。

In the neighborhood area of grouting axes, the minor principal stress increased more extent than the maximum one. The stress level was reduced and lower than before; and the stability of the earth dam increased.

劈裂灌浆可以同时增大大小主应力，在灌浆轴线附近区域，小主应力增加幅度大于大主应力增加幅度，应力水平较灌浆前降低，土坝稳定性增加。

Changes of DBE activity of four cultivars had a single-peak curve, and the peak appeared in 14 d after anthesis. HPLC analysis showed that the activity of DBE to amylopectin was similar. There are two types of DBE in the wheat grains, one is isoamylase, and the other is limit dextrinase.

在灌浆过程中，淀粉去分支酶的活性均呈单峰曲线变化，灌浆中期活性最大；淀粉去分支酶对底物支链淀粉均具有相似的酶解活性；对灌浆中期小麦淀粉去分支酶进行的纯化结果表明，小麦籽粒胚乳中也存在2种类型的淀粉去分支酶，一种是以极限糊精为特异性底物的极限糊精酶，另一种是以支链淀粉为底物的异淀粉酶。

The mechanism of admixture in volume stability of grouts,influence of different W/C on volume change ratio of middle and later periods and relation between volume change ratio and curing age are discussed.

在采用科学的测试方法、运用先进的外加剂技术的基础上，配制出高性能灌浆料；重点研究了外加剂对灌浆料体积稳定性能的改善作用机理、水灰比的变化对灌浆料早期和中后期的体积变化率的影响、灌浆料体积变化率随龄期的变化关系等。

The cementitious grouts mainly applies to anchor bolt、equipment foundation and quadratic grouting of steel structure soleplate, reconstruct and consolidate of concrete structures and aperture grouting of prestressed concrete and concrete structure.

水泥基灌浆材料主要应用于地脚螺栓锚固、设备基础及钢结构柱脚底板的二次灌浆、混凝土结构改造、加固及后张预应力混凝土结构孔道灌浆。

Twelve density treatments were designed, which were 225×10^4 (T1), 300×10^4 (T2), 375×10^4 (T3), 450×10^4 (T4), 525×10^4 (T5), 600×10^4 (T6), 675×10^4 (T7), 750×10^4 (T8), 825×10^4 (T9), 900×10^4 (T10), 975×10^4 (T11) and 1050×10^4 (T12) basic plants/hm^2. Grain dry matter growing process and grain filling rate could be described by Richards Model and Monodic Quadratic Equation, and the grain filling parameters could be calculated from Richards model fomula. Relation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were made by DPS, SPSS software.

方法设计了225万(T1)、300万(T2)、375万(T3)、450万(T4)、525万(T5)、600万(T6)、675万(T7)、750万(T8)、825万(T9)、900万(T10)、975万(T11)、1050万(T12)基本苗／hm^2共12个密度处理，分别运用Richards模型、一元二次方程模拟了冬小麦籽粒干物质增长过程及籽粒灌浆速率随花后时间的变化情况，并对所建立的Richards模型进行推导得到基本的灌浆参数，通过SPSS、DPS软件对籽粒灌浆参数与千粒重进行相关、逐步回归及以及通径分析。

Result Richards Model and Monodic Quadratic Equation could properly describe grain dry matter growing process and the change process of grain filling rate with days after anthesis. There was big difference in average grain filling rate, maximum grain filling rate under different planting density. Average grain filling rate 1.26 mg/ and maximum grain filling rate 2.44 mg/ of T7 were the quickest, and the average grain filling rate 0.94 mg/ and maximum grain filling rate 1.99 mg/ of T12 were the slowest, and the maximum difference percentage of the average grain filling rate and maximum grain filling rate among different density were 33.98%, 22.61%. There was significant correlation between average grain filling rate, maximum grain filling rate, grain filling active duration, rapid increasing stage and thousand grain weight, and the correlation coefficients were 0.628*, 0.630*, 0.849**, 0.739**. Active grain filling duration contributed mostly to TGW.

结果不同密度处理间千粒重、单位面积穗数、穗粒数、单株穗数、单位面积籽粒产量均存在显著差异；不同密度处理冬小麦的籽粒灌浆均符合慢－快－慢的&S&型生长特性，用Richards模型能很好地模拟冬小麦籽粒增重过程，用一元二次抛物线方程能较好地模拟冬小麦灌浆速率随花后时间变化过程；不同密度处理间平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率有较大差异，最大差异率分别为33.98%、22.61%，T7的平均灌浆速率1.26mg/及最大灌浆速率2.44mg/均最大，T12的平均灌浆速率0.94mg/及最大灌浆速率1.99mg/均最小；平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、灌浆活跃期、灌浆快增期与千粒重显著或极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.628*、0.630*、0.849**、0.739**；通径分析表明，灌浆活跃期对千粒重的贡献最大。

Effect of protein and lipid in rice on starch physicochemical characteristics, difference between the region of non-chalkiness and chalkiness of rice, dynamic variation of cell structure and CaM distribution on rice spike were expounded in this study. It was found that protein and lipid in rice had important effect on starch gelatinization, there were distinct differences between the region of non-chalkiness and chalkiness of rice, vascular bundle system in rice spike was changed during grain filling, difference quality of different position of rice spike was more distinct in dense spike rice for more powerful vascular bundle system, the development of rice seeds was corresponded to pericarp development, difference quality of different position of rice spike was also related to transport function of rachilla besides activity of "source", and calmodulin relative activity was closely related to grain filling velocity and enginery properties.

通过实验发现：稻米中蛋白质、脂肪对淀粉的糊化过程有着较大的影响；精米的非垩白与垩白部位以及心白与腹白部位之间在蛋白质、氨基酸含量及组成方面存在着明显差异：水稻穗部大维管束面积以及主穗轴维管束数目在灌浆过程中存在明显的动态变化趋势；密穗型水稻强势粒的维管组织比散穗型水稻发达，致使其强、弱势粒维管组织差异明显加大；果皮的发育与籽粒发育状况是相适应的：强势粒和弱势粒在灌浆生理方面的差异，不仅表现在籽粒本身的&库活性&上，而且也与其着生小穗轴的输导功能有关；CaM相对活性与水稻灌浆速率、机能特征间存在着密切联系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。