灌木

The secondary xylem of trees and shrubs,lying beneath the bark and consisting largely of cellulose and lignin.

木质位于树皮下的树和灌木的次木质部，主要由纤维质和木质构成

Small shrubby deciduous yellowwood tree of south central United States having spines, glossy dark green leaves and inedible orangelike fruit; its hard orange-colored wood used for bows by native Americans; frequently planted as boundary hedge .

美国中南部灌木状黄木，叶黑绿色，有光泽，带刺，果实似橙，不可食；坚硬的橙色木材被美国土著居民用于做弓；作为分界篱笆。

Aceraceae A family of temperate and tropical trees and shrubs that includes the maples and sycamores.

槭树科：生长在温带或热带的一类树木或者灌木，包括枫树和小无花果树等。

The key species in the pioneer species period is Achillea capillaries, Izeris denticulate, Salsola colliha., than the key species gradually change to Potentilla spp, Heteropappus altaicus, Cleistogenes spp in the species gradually prosperity period, Lespedeza dahurica, Stipa bungeana, Artemisia sacrorum in the species quasi-steady period, Lespedeza dahurica, Artemisia sacrorum in the species relatively steady period, Peri ploca sepium Bunge, Clematis fruticosa turcz, Spiraea spp in the bush pioneer species invasion period.

其中先锋植物物种期以茵陈蒿、苦买菜、猪毛菜为关键种；物种渐繁荣期以委陵菜、阿尔泰狗哇花和隐子草为关键种；物种鼎盛期多物种共存，关键种不明显；物种准稳定期以长芒草、铁杆蒿和达乌里胡枝子为关键种；物种相对稳定期以铁杆蒿、达乌里胡枝子为关键种；灌木先锋物种主要有杠柳、木本铁线莲、绣线菊等。

South African shrub having flat acuminate leaves and yellow flowers leaves are aromatic when dried and used to make an .

南非的一种灌木，具有扁平，尖形的叶和黄色花；叶子干燥后有香味，用于制一种药草。

Shrublets erect, to 50 cm tall, pubescent or puberulent except for corolla and adaxial leaf surface.

直立的小灌木，在50厘米高，具短柔毛或微柔毛除了花冠和叶正面。

On the contrary,the types of stomatal apparatus and the two layers of the adaxial epidermal cells are stable characteristics with im-portant value for classification.

对同一个种的不同生活型，如乔木、小乔木和灌木，在解剖结构上没有明显的区别特征。

Effect on birds community:Through the analysis of the correlation between the birds amount and frequency in the 9 parks and the 12 structure indexes of the parks,we reach the conclusion that Passer rutilans and Turdus merula are mostly effected by the area of the habitat, while Carduelis spinus,Parus venustulus,Aegithalos concinnus,Anthus hodgson,Paradoxornis webbianus and Trachybaptus ruficollis are mostly effected by humanlnterference.

对鸟类的影响：通过对市区9个公园的生境破碎化相关的结构、连通性、隔离度、人为干扰等12个特征变量与鸟类数量和出现频率的相关分析，发现常见鸟类中，麻雀和乌鸫对生境面积存在显着的相关关系；而黄雀、黄腹山雀、红头长尾山雀、树鹨、棕头雅雀以及小鸊鷉受到人为干扰的影响较为明显；白头鹎和珠颈斑鸠的数量与生境斑块的形状指数呈负相关；麻雀的数量随着斑块中灌木层密度的增加而上升；白鹡鸰随着乔覆盖度的增加而减少。

In construction of the city park, we should chose the suitable agrestic plants based on the basic theory of ecology and community succession and use the technique of"imitate nature" to construct the approaching nature communities in which the trees species were dominated and the shrub and grass were also included.

本文指出在城市公园建设中应以自然植被和群落演替的基本理论为依据，选择乡土树种即当地自然植被中的主要乔、灌木种类，&模拟自然&的技术和方法通过人工营造与植被自然生长的完美结合，建造以乔木为主体，乔灌花草多种植物相结合、常绿落叶相结合的近自然群落。

The city green turf grasses are under seriously stress for the shading of tall buildings, trees and shrubs, and lead to the recession of turf grass, so the author studied for this problem; Taking three cold-season sods as test material, including Festuca rubra Pernille、Poa pratensis Kentucky and Agrostis Regent. Effects of different concentrations of uniconazole (S3307) on shade-tolerance of three turf grasses under shading situation were studied by testing long-term growth and physiological characteristics of them.; After treated with S3307, the contents of chlorophyll and soluble sugar increased, plant height decreased, leaves width and thickness increased. All of these indicated that S3307 can evidently improve shade-tolerance of three turf grasses with different shade-tolerance, the optimal concentration of uniconazole is 100~200 mg/L; The results are very useful and meaningful for improving quality of turfgrasses under shading situation.

高大建筑物、乔木及灌木遮荫会使用于城市绿化的草坪草受到严重胁迫，造成草坪草衰退，针对这一难题进行了研究；以耐荫性不同的冷季型草坪草匍匐紫羊茅派尼、草地早熟禾肯塔基、匍匐翦股颖摄政王为试验材料，研究了不同浓度的外源激素稀效唑(Uniconazole， S3307)处理对3种遮荫草坪草生理及生长变化的长期调控作用；经稀效唑处理，3种草坪草叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量增高，植株株高变低，叶片变宽、变厚，不同耐荫性草坪草的耐荫能力均得到显著提高，最适的处理浓度范围100~200mg/L；这在生产实际中有重要应用价值，特别对提高受遮荫胁迫的草坪质量具有重要意义。

We are in a real jam.

我们的麻烦大了。

Hey, it's Ahmet from India, that foreign exchange guy.

看，那是印度的阿曼特，国际交换生