激波

Since the governing equations for atmosphere movement can be reduced to a convective equation, so, to verify the validity of SFEBS, the propagation of one dimensional wave packet and shock governed by convective equation are simulated and compared with the boundary scheme that is based on the idea of Taylor series expansion.

因为大气运动的控制方程简化后可以归结为一个对流方程，所以作为边界格式之间的比较和检验，在一维情况下用对流方程和数值模拟中具有代表性的波包和激波作为算例，将其与传统的基于Taylor展开思想构造的边界条件进行了比较。

The main characteristics include: the quiet Sun corona has a rapid response to the flare heating, within 2 second the corona temperature increases nearly one order of magnitude, but later such increase becomes very slowly; the downward velocity at early stage of impulsive phase is too small to be negnected; chromospheric evaporation made by conduction shows some intensely, the maximum evaporated velocity may be as large as 1000 km/s; the chromospheric condensation appears just when the chromospheric evaporation takes place and its place always coincide with that of transition region in the early stage; the maximum of chromospheric condensation occurs also in the early stage of impulsive phase, at which the density in condensation may be larger two order of magnitude than that of surround and the downward velocity may be as large as 100 km/s; after the maximum of chromospheric condensation, its strongth decreases gradually but its width becomes greater with time and have a tendency to transport into deep chromosphere; the front of chromospheric condensation heats atmosphere obviously and the temperature in the chromospheric condensation is higher than the original case; the downware velocity of transition region may be greater than 100 km/s at the early stage; when the evaporated material collide at the top of loop, the densityand the presure there increase rapidly, which result in the formation of a shock wave; and so on.

在改善色球辐射损失和精确分辨过渡区的基础上，通过联立求解连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程，构造了一维磁限制性耀斑环在热沉积作用下的大气动力学模型，获得了耀斑热模型下脉冲相早期较为细致的大气演化理论图象，其主要特征是：耀斑对宁静日冕的加热相当迅速，仅2秒钟日冕温度增加即达一个量级，之后日冕温度增加缓慢；脉冲相早期日冕向下速度很小，几乎可以忽略，热传导驱动色球蒸发，其过程较为激烈，蒸发极大速度可达到1000km/s；色球压缩区与色球蒸发几乎同时形成，且在早期其位置总是与过渡区位置重合；色球压缩极大发生在脉冲相早期，其时密度可高于周围约2个量级，向下速度可超过100km/s；色球压缩极大后，其强度逐渐减弱，但宽度明显增大，且渐渐脱离过渡区往色球传播；压缩区内物质温度要高于原先的大气温度；过渡区下降在脉冲相早期相当迅速，可超过100km/s；当蒸发物质在环顶高速相碰时，环顶的密度、压力迅速增大，且温度也有所增加，导致形成激波，其波面以每秒上百公里的速度自环顶向下传播；在脉冲相前期，日冕软x辐射对色球的加热作用可以忽略；等。

The two-dimensional plane shock wave focusing with the parabolic reflectors in combustive gases is numerically simulated, and the ignition characteristics of the detonation initiation are investigated.

数值模拟了二维平面激波从抛物面上反射在可燃气体中聚焦的过程，研究了形成爆轰波的点火特性。

The results indicate that there are vortexes, shocks and expansion waves outside the multi-tube PDE. In addition, the results might be referrible to research the characteristics of the flow-field outside multi-tube Pulse Detonation Engine.

计算结果表明，此多管脉冲爆轰发动机黏性外流场中存在旋涡及多道相互作用的激波与膨胀波，该结果对多管脉冲爆轰发动机外流场特性研究具有一定的参考价值。

The method of characteristic theory with Tailor-Make model are presented. By this method, we calculate the flowfield from the shock to the object surface.

本文建立了结合泰勒—麦克尔模型的特征线法理论，即由激波面推算波后流场和物面的计算方法，编制了流场计算程序。

Pulsed Doppler echocardiograph was used to test separately blood flow velocity wave of ascending aorta arcus, aorta and abdominal aorta in of 17 patients with aortic insufficiency with nonliner factor and results compared with those of 15 normal subjects of the same ages. The purpose was to disclose the regulation of blood flow waveform distortion in arterial system and the existance of shock wave.

应用超声多普勒对存在非线性因素的17名主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的升主动脉、主动脉弓以及腹主动脉进行分段逐点测试血流速度波，并和年龄相匹配的15名健康受试者为对照进行前瞻性探究，以探索人体动脉系统中血流波形畸变的规律及激波的存在。

Pulsed Doppler echocardiograph was used to test separately blood flow velocity wave of ascending aorta arcus, aorta and abdominal aorta in of 17 patients with aortic insufficiency with nonliner factor and results compared with those of 15 normal subjects of the same ages. The purpose was to disclose the regulation of blood flow waveform distortion in arterial system and the existance of shock wave.

应用超声多普勒对存在非线性因素的17名主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的升主动脉、主动脉弓以及腹主动脉进行分段逐点测试血流速度波，并与年龄相匹配的15名健康受试者为对照进行前瞻性研究，以探讨人体动脉系统中血流波形畸变的规律及激波的存在。

Ii . The theory of enthalpy flow and phase shift is applied to explain gas wave refrigeration, which make up some deficiency of shock wave theory.

ii。引入了焓流调相理论。利用焓流调相理论很好地解释了气波制冷机的一些实验现象，弥补了激波理论的一些不足。

The interactions between the shock wave and vortex ring are discussed.

在此基础上，考察了不同出口形状对爆轰波溢出后的外流场的动力学演变规律的影响，分析讨论了涡环与激波的相互作用过程。

Pressure wave refrigerator ; unsteady flow ; shock wave ; Godunov scheme ; numerical simulation

压力波制冷机；非定常流动；激波； Godunov格式；数值模拟

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。