激子

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

Zinc oxide is an n-type direct band-gap semiconductor material. Due to the large exciton binding energy of 60 meV, which ensures the large exciton emission at room temperature, it is regarded as one of the most promising materials for fabricating efficient ultraviolet blue light emitting device.

氧化锌是直接带隙宽禁带半导体材料，具有较高的激子束缚能(~60meV)，可以实现室温下的紫外受激辐射，在紫外发射器件等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

The yield of exciton in this process depends strongly on the strength of applied electric field.

这时它们是极化子和激子的混合体。

The main features of the excitons: energy, oscillator strength and broadeningare deduced.

的主要特点激子：能源，振子强度和扩大推导。

In organic light-emitting devices, the electrons and holes are injected into the polymer from the electric diodes and then they form negative and positive polarons.

在有机发光器件中，从电极注入的电荷在聚合物链中形成极化子，在电场作用下正负极化子将碰撞、复合形成激子。

The properties of polarons, states of impurities and excitons in heterojunctions and quantum wells are discussed under consideration of pressure for III-V group materials and of pressure tuning of strains for II-VI group materials, respectively.

对III-V族材料计入压力效应，对II-VI族材料计入压力调制应变效应，讨论了半导体异质结、量子阱中极化子、杂质态和激子态的性质。

It is also found that the collision proccess can influence the stability of the polaron and there are new energy levels appearing in the gap after the collision.

极化子和激子的碰撞对极化子的稳定性有影响，还会使能隙中出现新的能级。

It is also found that the collision proccess have influence on the stability of the polaron and there are new energy levels appearing in the gap after the collision.

极化子和激子的碰撞对极化子的稳定性有影响，还会使能隙中出现新的能级。

The result illustrates that the influence of intercaction between phonons on ground state energy of exciton can not be ignored.

Luo〔2〕等人采用有效质量近似理论，在忽略表面极化子效应的情况下计算了球型、圆柱型和立方型量子点中激子的基态能量和束缚能。

The Segall-Mahan theory is employed to calculate both one and two longitudinal-optical phonon sidebands of free excitons of zinc oxide in a wide temperature range.

理论在一定温度范围内对ZnO光致发光谱中自由激子产生的一阶和二阶光学声子伴线进行了研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。