潮流

Depending on the required reactive optimal control ask for power flow, this inquiry method is used in alternate iterating algorithm to calculate flow. By this method, there is not special need to deal numbering nodes of line, and there is not effect to program if add or reduce number of nodes.

针对配电网无功优化控制对潮流计算的要求，将上述这种节点链表查询法运用到交替迭代潮流计算方法中来，这种经过节点链表查询的潮流计算方法不需要进行特殊的线路编号，而且任意增减节点数对程序没有影响。

Charge example in whom five node form, 4 node adopt Newton - pressgang modest law go on trend calculate, another node to contain wind-driven generator adopt PQ change, take the place of model go on trend calculate, change, take the place of with ordinary trend computing method first, judge revision wind electrical machinery nodal voltage error go on for the second time changing and taking the place of in establishing range.

在五个节点构成的算例中，4个节点采用牛顿-拉夫逊法进行潮流计算，另外一个含有风力发电机的节点采用PQ迭代模型进行潮流计算，先用普通潮流计算法迭代，后经过修正风电机节点电压判定误差是否在设定范围内进行第二次迭代。

This article trend research and current situation of computing technology analyze in survey, through to simple network familiarity that trend calculate, take circuit of simple equivalence as an example, carry on circuit voltage and calculation that power loss of the first part and the concluding paragraph mainly, and then regard a ring network circuit as the main example and carry on the detailed trend to calculate, calculate all nodal voltage power losses, use ATP software to carry on artificial calculation with this example again, it's a pity ATP software emulation has not succeeded.

该文在综述了潮流计算方法的研究和现状分析，通过对简单网络潮流计算的熟悉，主要以简单型等值电路为例进行电路首尾的电压和功率损耗的计算，再以一环网电路为主要例题进行详细的潮流计算，计算各节点的电压功率损耗，再以此例题用ATP软件进行仿真计算，可惜ATP软件仿真没成功。

It is thought that the channel bay line evolution processes can be divided into four stages. The first stage is soon of the sea level stable when the bayhead mountines are eroded and developed abrasion geomorphy and the productive materials were transport into the bay deposition by the tidal current and wave current and were reworked into gravel dams. The second stage is characterized by the fluvial output sediments and eroded sediments mixed deposition in channel bay and developed marine accumulation plain and sand riges in the plain under the wave reworked. The third stage developed clay silt marine accumulation plain under the action of the channel current and the wave action is very limited. The fourth stage is marked by human being reclaim which result in the channel bay filled and evoluted into a strait arce coast.

文章认为，峡道海湾的充填经历了四个阶段，第一阶段以峡道海湾湾顶山体在波浪作用下产生的侵蚀物质充填为主，发育了海蚀崖、海蚀洞、海蚀穴等侵蚀地形和湾顶砂砾石堤等堆积地形交替的峡道湾顶地貌，第二阶段以河流输出物质和峡道湾岛屿、礁石侵蚀物质在潮流作用下向峡道湾输运，由潮流和波流共同沉积为特征，发育海积平原，部分粗颗粒泥沙在波浪的改造峡，发育平原沙堤，第三阶段以河流输出物质为主，在涨落潮流搬运下进入峡道和峡道湾沉积，在峡道湾中发育以淤泥质粉砂为主要物质的海积平原，第四阶段以人类围涂造田为标志，加速峡道湾的充填过程，使峡道海湾最终趋于夷平，形成顺直均衡的弧形海岸。

Based on the characteristics above, this paper presents two graph-theory algorithms fast identifying the weakness of networks according to wide area measurement information such as pre-fault network topology and load flow, namely the algorithm of fast search for transmission section based graph theory and the algorithm of fast search for flow transferring Minimal Short Path.

基于潮流转移的上述特点，本文根据事故前的网络拓扑结构、潮流分布状态、输电元件物理参数与系统电压等级等广域测量信息，针对两种不同的网络结构分别提出了相应的快速识别网络薄弱环节的图论方法，即输电断面快速搜索算法与潮流转移最短路径快速搜索算法。

Those semidiurnal tidal waves which affect the Taiwan channel come respectively from the south and the north entrance of the channel, and the north one is stronger than the south's.

最强潮流区位于澎湖水道，M2 分潮最大潮流达 1 96cm/s。环台湾岛海域潮波潮流水平结构上除海峡北部原有一个圆流点外，还发现另外存在 4个新的圆流点。

During the process of solving power flow, the incremental transmission loss of each node can be easily obtained by means of simply solving the transposed matrix of original n-order matrix.

介绍了一种基于直流潮流的网损微增率新算法直流雅可比矩阵法，该方法以直流潮流为基础，引入虚拟网损负荷变量并构造出带有松弛负荷变量的有功不平衡方程雅的可比矩阵，在解潮流过程中只需求解n阶矩阵的转置矩阵，即可获得各个节点的网损微增率。

However, the transmission lines among the shortest path from one node of the overloaded line to the other, might suffer from flow transferring most greatly after the overloaded line tripping for a "strong-receiver" system, in which generations and loads are distributed equably and generation capacity in load centre is large.

基于潮流转移的上述特点，本文根据事故前的网络拓扑结构、潮流分布状态、输电元件物理参数与系统电压等级等广域测量信息，针对两种不同的网络结构分别提出了相应的快速识别网络薄弱环节的图论方法，即输电断面快速搜索算法与潮流转移最短路径快速搜索算法。

The optimization models which take into account the representation of FACTS devices, the line flow and the node-voltage constraints and based on simulated annealing is developed. For continuous variables with upper and lower limits, a method of outgrowing adjacent states is proposed.

5针对含FACTS装置的有功优化潮流问题进行了探讨，建立了基于交流潮流算法的含FACTS装置的有功优化潮流数学模型；在此基础上，运用模拟退火算法实现了该问题的求解。

Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

对强层化季节黄海两对比性站位(分别位于中央海盆区与局地陆坡区)处层化、内波以及湍流混合特征的研究结果表明：1、强层化季节的陆架海水体一般呈现显著的三层热盐结构，在水体近乎混合均匀的上混合层与潮流底边界层之间为强跃层；2、近表层水体的湍流混合强度主要由海表浮力通量的日变化与海表风强迫控制，而在潮流底边界层内，潮混合是水体热量、物质、动量与能量垂直交换的主要机制；3、潮混合影响的深度由潮流大小决定，在黄海，一般可达10-15 m，因此，在水深较深的区域，在跃层与潮混合所至深度范围的上界之间存在湍流混合非常弱的区域，这显著抑制水体内物质的垂直通量，为物质垂直交换的瓶颈，而在水深较浅的区域，潮混合影响范围可至跃层底部，因此物质在跃层以下整个水体中混合非常均匀，当跃层内间歇性强混合发生时，可以产生显著的跨跃层物质输运；4、近底潮致强湍流耗散缓慢地向上传播，底上不同深度处垂直湍扩散系数也具有显著的位相差异，且二者均随时间呈现四分之一周日周期的变化；5、在地形较为平坦的中央海盆区，内波活动非常微弱，因此跃层内湍流混合非常弱，垂直扩散系数为分子扩散水平，跨跃层物质通量受到显著抑制，而在地形变化较为显著的局地陆坡区，内波活动非常活跃，除内潮的影响外，高频内波与内孤立波的影响也很显著，因此跃层内存在很强的间歇性强混合，内孤立波存在的区域，水体湍流混合显著增强。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。