演替

An experiment to calculate the fecal recoveries of alkanes was carried out at the Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in autumn 2004. Twelve wethers (Inner Mongolia fine wool sheep×Inner Mongolia sheep) selected from a group of two year olds were fed fresh mixtures of Leymus chinensis (30%), Cleistogenes squarrosa (20%) and Artemisia frigida (50%) in known proportions and amounts for 14 days.

2004年秋季在中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位站，用不同放牧演替阶段的优势植物羊草、糙隐子草和冷蒿分别按30%、20%和50%的比例混合组成日粮，饲喂12只(39±2.1kg)2岁羯羊。

Nine wethers selected from a group at 2-years-old of age were fed with fresh mixtures of Leymus chinensis (30%), Cleistogenes squarrosa (20%) and Artemisia frigida (50%) in known proportions and amounts for 14 days. Artificial QSM capsules were dosed during the experiment. The samples of herbage and feces were collected daily for 7 days and dried for analysing the n-alkane concentration by a gas chromatography. The results showed that there was a difference in concentration of n-alkanes among 3 species forages, and fecal recoveries of n-alkanes linear increased with increasing carbon chain lengths.

于2004年秋季在中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站用不同放牧演替阶段的优势植物羊草、糙隐子草和冷蒿按一定比例混合组成日粮，饲喂9只2岁羯羊，每只羊投喂一粒QSM胶囊，试验期内每天记录绵羊实际牧草采食量、采食成分和排粪量，利用气相色谱分析牧草和粪样的链烷含量，应用链烷技术测定绵羊的排粪量、不同牧草采食比例和总干物质采食量，并与实际值进行比较。

RAPD(Random amplified polymorphic DNA) was used to detect the genetic diversity of Castanopsis eyrei populations in three forest communities at different succession stages in Tiantai mountain Zhejiang Province,namely,needle-leaved forest,needle/broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest.

利用RAPD技术对甜槠种群在浙江省天台山不同演替阶段森林群落(针叶林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林)中的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了分析。3个甜槠种群平均多态位点百分率为67.98%，总多态位点百分率为92.13%。

And we find our own sanctuary linked to the homelands of our Terran repressors, Forseral and Ceryshen.

我们找到自己的庇护所挂的家园我国地形阻遏，演替和ceryshen 。

The role of six types of urban plantations in Harbin in maintaining woody plant diversity was assessed quantitatively by sample plot survey and diversity index analysis.

采用样地网格调查方法与多样性指数分析方法，定量评价了哈尔滨城市人工林在维持木本植物多样性方面的作用，并通过分析林分更新层、演替层、主林层的多样性指数，探讨了城市人工林自然化过程及其近自然经营途径。

The role of six types of urban plantations in Harbin in maintaining woody plant diversity was assessed quantitatively by sample plot survey and diversity index analysis. The naturalization process and the approaching-nature management modes of the urban plantations were also discussed in terms of richness, evenness and Shannon-Wiener indexes of regeneration layer, succession layer, main storey, brush layer aiming to provide a basis for forest management and biodiversity protection.

采用样地网格调查方法与多样性指数分析方法，定量评价了哈尔滨城市人工林在维持木本植物多样性方面的作用，并通过分析林分更新层、演替层、主林层的多样性指数，探讨了城市人工林自然化过程及其近自然经营途径，以便为哈尔滨城市森林经营与生物多样性保护提供依据。

The main researching contents included as following:relationships betweenspecies diversity,community richness,vegetation succession,soil volume weight,solu-ble Na+concentration and five soil chemical elements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)concentrationwith grazing intensities in the grassland.Relationships between concentrations,re-serve pools of plant nutrient materials,including five macroelements(N、P、K、Ca、Mg),crude protein,crude fibre,crude fat and total nonstructural carbohydrate,and their allocations in defferent plant parts with grazing intensities in thegrassland.Effects of grazing on Leymus chinensis population were also examined andthat more attentions were paid on the responses of many biological characteristics ofabove-and below-ground plant modules to different grazing intensities.Furthermore,in the respects of plant production,survival rate,tillering ability,total nonstructuralcarbohydrates content and others,the effects of one years different defoliationpatterns on the vitality of Leymus chinensis population were detected.

主要研究内容有：放牧对羊草草地植被和土壤的影响，致力于物种多样性、群落丰富度、植被演替和植物生产量、以及土壤容重、土壤水溶性Na+含量和五种土壤大量营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)的含量等土壤理化性状与放牧强度关系的分析，分析了不同放牧强度与羊草草地草群和羊草种群地上和地下各植物部分中多种营养物质的浓度、贮量及其分配的关系；放牧对羊草种群的影响，注重了羊草种群的地上与地下各植物器官对不同放牧强度的反应和适应性变化，最后，从植物生产量、存活率、分蘖能力以及总非结构性碳水化合物含量等方面，探讨了不同人为去叶方式组合对羊草种群当年和次年生活力的效应。

Firstly, according to study dynamic changes of the elements structures in succession about natural and artificial forest, then summarized regular patterns;at the same time.based on the study of Coupling Relationship between structure and function of water conservation forest established the ideal structures from the stand level and the watershed level. The ideal structures from the stand level: uneven-aged, double layer and mixed structure, and trend to natural forest. The watershed level followed the same principle, that is double layer patches, uneven-aged forest well-distributed and to build up different forest patches in watershed.

首先，经过对北京山区水源林天然林和人工林结构要素的演替动态研究，提出其发展规律，同时依据水源林结构与功能耦合关系研究，从林分层次和流域层次上分别构建了水源林的理想结构，其中，林分层次上水源林的理想结构为：异龄、复层、混交的结构状态，林分结构趋于天然林结构的特征；在流域层次上水源林的理想结构为也应形成&复层&、&异龄&、&混交&的结构，即：在流域各水源林斑块间形成林冠层复层、斑块内部乔木、灌木、草本层的复层；不同水源林年龄面积上的均匀分布；形成不同水源林斑块间的镶嵌分布。

The species composition changes following succession rule. The canopies become closer when the pine forest develops to mixed forest and the later develops to broad-leaved forest. Thus more shade-tolerant species invade and some sun-loving(shade-intolerant) species exit.

物种的组成变化符合演替规律，随着针叶林发展成为混交林，混交林发展成为阔叶林，其林冠变得较为密集，因而有更多的耐阴植物侵入，而一些喜光种消失。

Diversity of endophytic fungi in leaves of Ginkgo biloba was studied in order to understand diversity state and succession change of endophytic fungal communities in this endemic plant. Healthy leaf samples were collected from five main planting locations of G. biloba in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces separately in spring, summer and autumn.

为了解我国特有植物银杏的叶部组织中内生真菌菌群的多样性和演替变化，分别于春、夏、秋季从江苏和山东两省的五个主要银杏栽培地采集健康叶片进行了内生真菌的研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。