演替

In this paper,with twice field surveys on the same long-term site in 1980 and 1992,the organization dynamics of Cryptocarya community,Dinghushan zonal climax of monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest,was studied.

本项研究系统地研究鼎湖山森林群落的不同演替阶段的代表性群落在群落演替过程中的群落结构动态。

The forest was characterized with phanerophyte evergreen plants with single-mesophyll-leathery leaves, which reflected the nature of tropical Karst mountainous seasonal rain forest.(2). Community succession was divided into five stages by using Cluster method, PCA method; the succesion stages include herbaceous stage, scrub-shrub stage, small tree stage, arbor stage and climax seasonal rain forest stage.(3). Based on similarity theory, succession sere was constructed with the community similarity equation formed.

结果表明：(1)森林群落在外貌上，以常绿高位芽、单叶、革质、中型叶植物为主，反映了热带岩溶山地季雨林的特点；(2)运用聚类分析、PCA排序等方法将群落演替阶段划分为草本群落阶段、灌丛阶段、小乔木阶段、乔林阶段、顶极季雨林阶段；(3)运用相似学原理，组建群落间相似度方程并以此方程构建了群落演替系列；(4)研究表明桂西南岩溶区生态系统健康受到严重胁迫。

Different shrub tree were differente in proper soil nutrients of plant ecesis and improvement of soil nutrients. Shrub community was better than herb community in soil nutrient. The process of vegetation secondary succession has an improved trend of soil nutrient.

不同灌木种群所需的适宜土壤养分条件和对土壤养分的改善效应存在较大差异；植被次生演替灌丛阶段的土壤养分明显优于草本阶段，植被次生演替过程土壤养分呈逐步改善的趋势。

Different shrub tree were differente in proper soil nutrients of plant ecesis and improvement of soil nutrients. Shruh community was better than herb community in soil nutrient. The process of vegetation secondary succession has an improved trend of soil nutrient.

不同灌木种群所需的适宜土培养分条件和对土壤养分改善效应存在较大差异；植被次生演替灌丛阶段的土壤养分明显优于草本阶段，植被次生演替过程土壤养分呈逐步改善的趋势。

For forest, grassland and river ecosystems, phreatophyte should be applied to, promoting the primary succession of the ecosystem. For farm and urban ecosystems, the main crops and pollution-resisting ornamental plants should be selected for the purpose of agricultural production, landscapes construction and bioremediation so as to control the speed and direction of secondary succession of these ecosystems.

对于森林、草地、江河等自然生态系统，植被选择应以原生种类为主，以促进生态系统进行原生演替；而农田、城市绿地生态系统，植被恢复应以生产生活、景观营造、生物修复为目的，宜选择当地主要优势农作物、观赏性好、抗污染的植物，以控制生态系统次生演替的方向和速度。

Bulbs,corms and tubers Once established, bulbs give a succession of colour from bright spring to gloomy winter for most gardeners, the joy of returning spring is heralded by the appearance of early flowering bulbs in all their amazing variety, Gentle nodding snowdrop,sun-catching crocuses, golden daffodils and stately tulips take us from January to May in a seasonal succession of extraordinary beauty.

Bulbs，corms and tubers 鳞茎，球茎和块茎鳞茎类植物一旦扎根，其色彩将呈现出从明媚的春天到阴暗的冬季的演替变幻。对于大多数园艺师来说，回春的乐趣在于被先开花卉的鳞茎其令人惊异的品种的出现所预示。从一月到五月，在这一轮季节的演替中，缓缓低垂的雪花莲，追逐着太阳的番红花，金色的黄水仙和高贵的郁金香给我们带来了非比寻常的美。

In this dissertation, four aspects of ECM fungi were studied in a subtropical forest, a ECM fungi identification and biodiversity estimation, using morphological and molecular ways; b genetic structure of ECM fungi population, taking two case studies; c structure of ECM fungal community, based on sporocarp and plant investigation over-ground; and d growth response of host and non-host plant to ECM fungi inoculation.

由于外生菌根真菌的宿主植物常常是一些生态系统的优势种和建群种，并且这些真菌还参与了许多森林生态系统的有机和无机元素循环、物种的竞争和共存、生物多样性的维持、生态系统的演替等过程，因而对外生菌根真菌的研究有助于对这些生态系统维持和演替机制的深入理解。

The P.pratensis community is in the phase of herbs and forbs of degraded alpine meadow.At the same time the P.pratensis population is in the dominant spices position,subordinate spices position and company spices position.So,we can replant P.pratensis and other grass seed to change the structure and composition of plant community,improve community environment,cause it to develop to subclimax community succession,reach the stabler state.We can apply fertilizer,improve soil nutrition condition,enable degraded grassland with the link of soil and vegetation system together to reach the stabler subclimax and climax state.

草地早熟禾群落处于高寒草甸退化的禾草杂类草阶段，草地早熟禾种群在群落中处于优势种地位、次优势种地位和伴生种地位，因此，可通过补播草地早熟禾和其他禾草草种，改变植物群落结构和组成，改善群落环境，使其向亚顶级群落演替，达到较稳定的状态；也可通过撒施肥料，改善土壤养分状况，使土壤与植被系统共同作用将退化草地演替为较稳定的亚顶级或顶级状态。

The successive stages are known as seral stages. Seres result eventually in a climax community.

其过渡群落又称为演替系列阶段或演替系列群落，最终均导致一种稳定、成熟和演替顶极群体。

Most herbivores feed in secondary forests because pioneer species in secondary forests do have little or no mechanical or chemical protection against herbivores and many early and late seral tree species in secondary forests produce edible fruits in large quantities. Environment and fire have some effects on secondary forest succession. In early succession, relatively more biomass is allocated to resource acquiring tissues and in later stages more is allocated towards structural materials.

大多数食草动物喜欢在次生林中取食，因为次生林中的先锋树种很少或没有机械和化学保护和林内许多树种产生大量可食用的果实；环境和火对次生林演替有一定影响；在早期的演替过程中，更多的生物量分配到资源需求旺盛的组织，在演替晚期阶段，更多的生物量则分配到结构组织中。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了