漏的

Based upon introduction of the application history of bell jar type floor drain in our country the questions existed in practice are analyzed.

结合钟罩式地漏在我国的应用历史，分析了其在使用中存在的问题，介绍了对其进行改进和处置的几种方法，以促进地漏的广泛应用。

Objective To investigate the cause,prevention and treatment of bile leakage.

目的探讨胆漏的原因及防治策略。

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

In addition, according to Qing Dynasty Gongbu archives, the author clarifies the construction of the Qintianjian yashu which possessed one hundred and ten rooms, including the 协政堂 xiezhengtang,主薄厅 zhuboting,五官厅 wuguanting,宪书房 xianshufang,司书厅 sishufang,时宪科 shixianke,天文科 tianwenke,漏刻科 loukeke for routine,板库; banku for storing the book boards and 斋戒房 zhaijiefang,土地庙 tudimiao, etc., for sacrifice and enshrinement.

清钦天监衙署廨舍情况则鲜见于史，笔者在查阅清档时，见到乾隆年间工部维修钦天监衙署的奏销黄册，知清钦天监衙署廨舍一百一十间，其中既有处理日常事务的协政堂、主薄厅、五官厅、宪书房、司书厅、时宪科、天文科、漏刻科；也有收贮书板的板库；还有祭祀供神的斋戒房、土地庙等。据此笔者弄清了清钦天监的衙署形制、廨宇规模。

In addition, according to Qing Dynasty Gongbu archives, the author clarifies the construction of the Qintianjian yashu which possessed one hundred and ten rooms, including the 协政堂 xiezhengtang ,主薄厅 zhuboting ,五官厅 wuguanting ,宪书房 xianshufang ,司书厅 sishuting ,时宪科 shixianke ,天文科 tianwenke ,漏刻科 loukeke for routine;板库 banku for storing the book boards and 斋戒房 zhaijiefang ,土地庙 tudimiao , etc., for sacrifice and enshrinement.

清钦天监衙署廨舍情况则鲜见于史，笔者在查阅清档时，见到乾隆年间工部维修钦天监衙署的奏销黄册，知清钦天监衙署廨舍一百一十间，其中既有处理日常事务的协政堂、主薄厅、五官厅、宪书房、司书厅、时宪科、天文科、漏刻科；也有收贮书板的板库；还有祭祀供神的斋戒房、土地庙等。据此笔者弄清了清钦天监的衙署形制、廨宇规模。

This article bases on the proposition of metrorrhagia and metrostaxis writed by Fu Shan. Summarizing up that the radical therapy is principal, the hemostasia is subsidiary;treating Blood ties in Qi; emphasizing the important function of Kidney are the traits of Fu Shan for treating metrorrhagia and metrostaxis.

本文以傅山有关崩漏的论述为依据，总结出治本为主，兼以止血、治血不离治气、强调肾的重要作用为其治疗崩漏的三大特色，并从理论基础及运用价值的角度，对这三点进行了探讨。

Irrigation and drainage through presacral double-cavity tube is a simple, safe and less suffering method to treat anastomotic leakage after anus-preserved operation for low rectal cancer.

正确判断吻合口漏的发生及采用正确的处理方法是治疗的前提，双腔引流管加肛管引流是保守治疗吻合口漏的有效方法。

Ultrasound and scintigraphy are non-invasive methods used to detect urinary extravasation. Reconstructed CT ureteropyelography has also been employed for the detection of urinary extravasation after renal transplantation. MRI imaging can show the renal function of the transplanted kidney and the extravasation. MRI is an effective non-invasive alternative for the diagnosis of urinary extravasation after renal transplantation especially when ultrasound and scintigraphy are inconclusive.

超音波及核子医学检查是诊断肾脏移植后尿液外漏的非侵袭性的方法，MRI 可以明确的侦测尿液外漏，而且可以知道移植的肾脏是否有功能，这能决定是否需要及是否值得再一次手术，所以MRI 是另一个可以有效且非侵袭性检查，在超音波及核子医学检查没有明确诊断时，可以帮助诊断。

If it leaks less than 20 drops per minute, then either the bearing clearance is too small or else the oil line to the bearing is stopped up.

如果油漏的过多，轴承即以磨损；如果每分钟漏油少于20滴，那么或是轴承的配合间隙太小，或是油道堵塞。

If it leak s less than 20 drops per minute, then either the bearing clearance is too small or else the oil line to the bearing is stopped up.

如果油漏的过多，轴承即以磨损；如果每分钟漏油少于20滴，那么或是轴承的配合间隙太小，或是油道堵塞。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。