滴流

This paper studies the main geometrical parameter such as angle, height, width, stagger and the upper width in dentation and trapezoid flow path, firstly, uses the single-phase numerical simulation of the computational fluid dynamics technique to analyse the influence of different geometrical parameter on discharge coefficient and flow state exponent of drip emitter. Secondly, uses the two-phases numerical simulation of CFD (1% sand content ) to analyse the influence of the above mentioned geometrical parameter on the contribution regulation of sand and anti-clogging performance. Thirdly, uses the PIV （ particle Tracking Velocimetry ） technique which can see the small-scale flow path to observe and test the trajectories and velocities of solid particles in labyrinth flow path, and analyses the basic factors which can influence the movement characteristic of solid particles and the flow state in flow path.

本文以齿形流道、梯形流道为主要研究对象，以流道转角、流道高，流道宽、偏差量及梯形流道上底宽为主要结构参数，首先应用 CFD 单相流数值模拟技术对不同结构参数灌水器流道水力性能进行模拟，分析了不同结构参数对流态指数和流量系数的影响，其次，应用 CFD 两相流（含沙量为1%）数值模拟技术分析了结构参数对含沙量分布规律和抗堵塞性能的影响，然后，应用 PIV 可视化测试方法测试了固体颗粒在流道内运行轨迹及速度，分析了影响固体颗粒运动特性及流道内流体流态的基本因素，最后，对上述流道结构形式通过模具加工及滴灌带试制，进行了标准化测试（ GB/T 17187-1997 农业灌溉设备滴头技术规范和试验方法与 ISO 标准 ISO /TC23 /SC18 /WG5N4短周期堵塞测试程序），测试结果验证了 CFD 模拟结果，并提出了迷宫结构流道灌水器的抗堵塞设计方法。

The experimental results show that there is an essential difference between the uniformity of dripper discharge along the drip line and the uniformity of soil moisture in field in terms of the design of linear source drip irrigation.

线源滴灌设计中，滴灌管出流均匀性与土壤湿润均匀性有本质不同，前者仅仅是后者必要的基础，但是要保证线源滴灌土壤湿润均匀性，还需要考虑滴头间距、滴头流量、滴水量和土壤质地的差别。

The research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1) Based on drip irrigation emitter, the macro-scale and micro-scale hydromechanics theory are presented.

本文针对滴头内部流场研究领域存在的主要问题，以滴头流道设计与优化为研究对象，通过理论分析、数值模拟、试验验证等进行研究。

Coke properties has been studied by high temperature SiC oven、infrared gas analyzer and X-ray diffraction. First set forward the relationship between UPC and coke reactivity, strength, fine coke and coke graphitization, and creatively find the graphitization degree of coke tends to 100% when temp. reaches to 1350℃ UPC is profitableness to coke properties;②The effect of UPC on liquid slag distribution and flow functions in experiment oven has been studied by mathematics simulation The effect of UPC on taking shape and dropping of high titanium-bearing B. F. slag has been studied by using high temp. oven simulation cohesive zone and dropping zone of blast furnace.

为了弄清楚这部分UPC对高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿过程的影响，①在实验室利用高温SiC炉、红外线气体分析仪、X—射线衍射仪等进行了一系列UPC对焦炭性能及石墨化度的影响研究，提出了UPC与焦炭反应性、抗压强度、粉化性能及焦炭石墨化度之间的关系，创造性的发现高炉内1350℃以上，焦炭的石墨化度已达100％，UPC对焦炭性能的影响有益而无一害；②采用数学模拟方式研究了UPC对实验炉内液态渣分布及流函数的影响，并利用高温熔滴炉模拟高炉软熔带、滴落带研究UPC对高钛渣滴落性能的影响，采用旋转式粘度计测定滴落渣性能并通过高倍矿相显微镜观察了滴落渣的矿物结构。

Friction coefficientλ was linearly increasing with augmenting of Ra /Ln , and the pressure loss was descending with linearity rules along the flow path, and the head losses due to continuous dentiform cell was equaled.

借助CFD数值试验研究提出了基于流道内部流速分布的常规滴灌和微重力滴灌用滴头分形流道优化设计方法，并建立了面向不同流量需求的滴头分形流道成型设计模式。

In the high efficiency oil removal technology aspect, the theory study and application experiment of air sparged liquid-liquid hydrocyclone was carried out, enlightened by the air sparged solid-liquid hydrocyclone. Firstly, the strength and movement of dispersed phase was analyzed in theory, it was proved that the air bubble-oil drop polymer trend to move to the axes of hydrocyclone. Secondly, using CFD method, the characteristics of oil-air-water flow field were studied, including velocity distribution, pressure distribution, turbulent motion energy and its dissipation distribution. The characteristics and separation effect under different air injection methods were simulated. Thirdly, the separation ex-periment of air sparged liquid-liquid hydrocyclone was carried out at Lab. The major structure parameters of the hydrocyclone were optimized, the reasonable air injection method and performance parameters were determined through 4 groups of air injection experiments.

首先，对气携旋流场中分散相粒子的受力及运动进行了理论分析，证明了气泡与油滴形成的聚合体，更易于向轴心运动；其次，应用CFD方法，研究了油-气-水三相流场的速度分布、压力分布、湍动能及其耗散率分布特性，对不同注气方式的流场特性及分离效果进行了数值模拟；第三，开展了气携液-液旋流分离特性室内研究，优化了旋流器的主要结构参数，对四种注气方式的分离效率进行了对比，确定了合理的注气方式和操作参数；最后，在油田现场开展了处理聚驱采出污水工艺试验，确定了工艺运行参数，评价了处理效果。

The results show that single structure parameters (width and depth of flow path/passage, and height, and angle of dentations) are local and difficult to represent the anti-clogging ability of emitters. Characteristic structure parameters(minimum size of cross section, hydraulic radius and dentitions spacing) can represent the anti-clogging ability of emitters in a sense. There are anti-clogging critical values under the test. Rated flow Qr and the ratio of diameter of labyrinth passage to diameter of particle η are well cor related to the anti-clogging ability and have anti-clogging critical values too.

结果表明：用单一结构参数(流道宽度 W 、流道深度 D 、齿高度 h 和齿角度θ)表征其抗堵塞性能存在局限性；结构特征参数断面最小尺寸 min(D，W、水力半径 R 和齿间距 l 能较好反映滴头流道横、纵断面的结构特征，在不同程度上表征了流道的抗堵塞性能，且在试验条件下各自均存在抗堵塞临界值；滴头额定流量 Qr 和迷宫滴头径粒比η与抗堵塞性能相关性较好，且存在抗堵塞临界值。

The advatanges of the invention include that the obtained drip agent used in preparing private resin of lyophilic polyolefin drip membrane can largely change the surface hydrophilicity of the polyolefin membrane and entitles the polyolefin a sustained drip property, so has solved the problem that the common drip membrane is of short persistent period.

本发明的优点是制备得到的流滴剂应用于制备聚烯烃流滴膜专用树脂时，可以很大程度改变聚烯烃膜表面的亲水性，赋予聚烯烃材料以持久的流滴性，解决了普通流滴膜持效期短的问题。

The producing reasons and functions of the shearing force and Magnus force of droplets of the dispersed phase in a hydrocyclone field are analyzed in detail.

对旋流场中分散相液滴所受的剪切应力、马格纳斯力产生的原因及其在旋流场中的作用进行了较为深入的分析，从理论上推导出了分散相液滴所受的剪切应力和马格纳斯力的计算公

My son 5 years old, when two-year-old on the occasional nosebleeds, small, 4-year-old when more than three months on the stream once every 10 days for half a year and a half months ago on the flow time, and also more than the original, to the hospital, said blood tests are normal, the point of medicine at the children do not love the beginning of .8 month almost 32 days on stream, but also very large, went to the hospital check, blood test or normal, open points syrup, and eat Chinese medicine granules, not a week, drug use is also a day on the 15 o'clock a sudden nose bleeding out, exhausted all the methods normally used only finally stopped, six o'clock in the morning and a stream, though not at night, and also have more than the original (the child was afraid I worry that the deal did not tell my own, I was based on the many large blood on the ground and pumping his college paper used judgments), or normal blood, the cream of the point that no matter, I was pleased, but the children come back again every day flow, and sometimes more than once or twice a day, which is a headache for two days and asked him if he do not understand how that specific pain law, is not the teacher the past two days that he said he did not love school is really a headache or a headache, I was to determine if a teacher said he does not love the child's school is a small trick.

5岁男宝宝经常流鼻血，最近两天又说头痛怎么办我的宝宝5岁了，两岁多的时候开始就偶尔流鼻血，量少，4岁多的时候开始三两个月就流一次，半年前开始隔十天半月就流一次，并且也比原来多，到医院验血说都正常，开点上的药水宝宝不爱点。8月分开始几乎三两天就流，还非常多，又去医院查，验血还是正常，开了点药水，和吃的中药颗粒，没到一周，还正用药，一天夜里3点就突然鼻子向外大量流血，用尽了平时用过的所有方法才好不容易止住了，早上六点又流了一次，虽没有夜里多，也是比原来都多(宝宝怕我着急，这次没告诉我自己处理的，我是根据地上的许多大血滴和他用过的纸抽团判断的)，血还是正常，开了点药膏，说没什么事，我挺高兴的，可是宝宝回来又是每天都流了，有时一天还不止一两次，这两天说是头痛，问他又说不明白具体怎么疼法，是不是老师这两天说他他不爱上课就说头痛还是真的头痛，我正在判断中，如果是老师说的他就不爱上课当然是宝宝的小把戏。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。