滚轴

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Spherical Roller Bearing Raceway surface curvature of the center and center bearings, aligning with the performance, in the case axis deflection can be adjusted automatically, without increasing the burden of bearing, affordable way of radial and axial load capacity, Radial load capacity of large, heavy-duty applicable, the impact load of occasions.

圆锥滚子轴承的内、外圈具有锥形滚道，滚道之间装有锥形滚子，圆锥滚子轴承主要用城承受以径向负荷为主的径向，轴向联合负荷。轴承的内组件和外圈可以分离，方便了安装和拆卸。轴承的轴向承载能力由接触角α决定，α角越大，轴向承载力越大。

This contributes to the rigidity of the bearing and a precise radial guidance of the shaft. For special applications, full-complement cylindrical roller bearings are employed. The cylindrical roller bearing designs are shown in Figures 1.20 and 1.21.The designs of cylindrical roller bearings are distinguished by the arrangement of the lips. Design NU (Figure 1.21b) has two lips on the outer ring, the inner ring being lipless. In design N (Figure 1.21a), the inner ring has two lips, the outer ring has none. Cylindrical roller bearings of designs NU and N are applied as floating bearings because the rollers can freely shift on the lipless ring in the axial direction. Cylindrical roller bearings NJ (Figure 1.20) have two lips on the outer ring and one on the inner ring; they can take up axial forces in one direction. Design NUP (Figure 1.21d) is installed as a locating bearing to sustain frequently reversing axial forces.

这可以提高轴承的刚度，和主轴精密的径向引导，对于特别的运用，密排的圆柱滚子轴承被运用，圆柱轴承的图样在图。20和1.21展示圆柱滚子轴承图样由挡边的不知来区分，图样NU(图1.21b)在外圈有两个挡边，内圈无挡边，在图样N中内圈有两个挡边，外圈无挡边，图样NU和U所示的圆柱滚子轴承可制作浮动轴承因为滚子能够在轴向无挡边环上自由的移动，圆柱滚子轴承NG在外圈上有两个挡边，内圈上有一个，它们能够在某个方向上承受轴向力，图样NUP（图1.21d）被用来安装在一个保持经常扭转轴向力的固定轴承上。

The invention discloses a device for spreading machine docking with trucks, which consists of damping mechanisms installed on both side between the spreading machine and the roller; the damping mechanism consists of side plate 1, sliding block 2, flexible element 3, and shaft 4, the flexible element 3 is sleeved on the shaft 4 of which one end linked with spreading machine and the other with sliding block 2, side plate is on upper section of sliding block 2 and fixed on the machine, lower section of sliding block is linked with roller.

本发明公开了一种摊铺机与卡车对接缓冲装置，它为设置于摊铺机机身前端与推滚之间的左、右各一副阻尼机构(10)；所述阻尼机构(10)包括端板(1)、滑块(2)、弹性元件(3)和轴(4)，弹性元件(3)套于轴(4)上，轴(4)的一端与推铺机机身(5)相连，滑块(2)与轴(4)的另一端相连，端板(1)位于滑块(2)上段之外，并固定于推铺机机身(5)上，滑块(2)的下段与推滚(6)相接。

B: inner hole standard 54mm, outer diameter 127-160mm or so, various specifications of rolling screws, have modulus rolling rolling round the main motor shaft, fan shaft, worm and other products. C: Three-axis rolling wheels, the standard inner hole 25mm, 25.4mm, 35mm, 40mm, the main hollow tube rolling system, useful connections, art lamp, lighting tube teeth, elbows and so on. D: Automatic lathe accessories: cam, chucks, manual folder, Block, Block, steam-driven folder, sub-degree steam-driven clip seat, horizontal holder, manual horizontal sub-degree holder, a horizontal steam-driven sub-degree Block folder, sub-degree vertical folder manually Block, cylinder folder, CNC lathe tool, diamond grinding wheel, belts, metadata rods, measuring, activities Cam Block, feed rod, dental tube, Grinding, automatic lathes, table lathes, Rolling machine and so on...

产品采用进口钢材合金钢，高速钢专业材料，质量稳定精度高。A：二轴式台湾机型专用3T滚牙轮内孔标准50.5mm，外径90-100mm左右，台湾进口滚制各种规格之螺丝，还有各种直纹，网纹滚丝轮等。B：内孔标准54mm，外径127-160mm左右，滚制各种规格之螺丝，还有模数滚丝轮主要滚制电机轴，风扇轴，蜗杆等产品。C：三轴式滚丝轮，内孔标准25mm，25.4mm，35mm，40mm，主要滚制空心管件，管用接头，美术灯管，灯饰管牙，弯管等等。D：自动车床各种配件：凸轮，夹头，手动夹座，汽动夹座，分度汽动夹座，卧式夹座，手动卧式分度夹座，卧式分度汽动夹座，立式手动分度夹座，筒夹，CNC车刀，钻石砂轮，皮带，元棒，量具，活动凸轮座，送料杆，牙管，磨刀机，自动车床，桌上车床，滚牙机等等。。。

From then on, they become friends with each other, and they go in-line skating together in flocks. They enjoy pursuing the same goal of perfection for their dream world.

之后 素勇与他们成为好友，成群结队在公园里玩单线滚轴溜冰，一起追逐他们的梦想世界。

Today, most of the roller-skating are primarily use-line skates, also known as brush, 66,(In-line skating enthusiasts of the sport's another name, derived from the skating surface friction in the wheels and the sound at the same time also known as skates to "brush", said the ice-skating in the street as "Brush Street", while 66 with Yo-homonyms, and more interesting and easy to read, mostly for lovers called each other).

今日多数的滚轴溜冰者主要都使用直排轮，又称刷刷、66，（直排旱冰爱好者对这项运动的别称，来源于溜冰中轮子和地面摩擦时所发出的声音，同时也称溜冰鞋为&刷子&，称在马路上溜冰为&刷街&，而66与溜溜同音，更有趣味顺口，多为爱好者的互称）。

While in college, he participated in many sports including martial arts, stage combat, fencing, roller-blading, and ballroom dancing.

而在大学时，他参加了许多运动，包括武术、战斗阶段、击剑、滚轴通流、交际舞。

Confederation of Asia Roller Sports.

亚洲滚轴运动协会。

International Roller Sports.

国际滚轴运动总会。。。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了