滑裂

The feature of typical multiple rotational loess landslides is: large scale, deep sliding face, three-five sliding face cascades, single landslide with the "plough" structural character of behind high and sheer-middle subdued-front tilt. The main formation mode of landslide is creeping-sliding-tensile fracturing. The failure modes contain extensive rotation sliding, digressive rotation sliding and compound rotation sliding.

2典型多级旋转型黄土滑坡特征表现为：规模大、滑带深、3-5级滑面分层叠置、单个滑面成后缘高陡-中部平缓-前缘微翘的"犁式"结构特征；其变形破坏方式表现为：蠕滑-滑移-拉裂-块体滑动-旋转-逐级扩展，其扩展方式主要包括：扩展式旋转滑动、渐灭式旋转滑动和复合式旋转滑动。

It is assumed that potential sliding surface of the soil in the back of the retaining wall is composed of logarithmic spiral arc and line.

假定挡土墙后土体潜在滑裂面由对数螺线滑动面和平面组合而成，根据挡土墙后土体薄层单元的平衡条件推导出粘性土层主动土压力的计算公式。

Limit equilibrium method is the main method in slope stability analysis. For the regular slip-surface, more reasonable factor of safety can be derived by the Morgenstern-Price Method, which is the most rigorous LEM.

极限平衡法是分析边坡稳定性的主要方法，摩根斯坦-普莱斯法是LEM中最严格的方法，适用于求解任意形状滑裂面的安全系数。

According to the relevant datums and field investigations, the paper makes No. 316 national highway in South region as research region to analyze the conditions of inoculating disasters and slope s transform destruction model and draws such conclusions:(1)Many factors such as terrain, geomorphic, lithosome and solum character, geologic structure, neotectonic movement, rainfall condition, groundwater trait, anthropokinetic and so on influence on the study region, which make the geological disasters occurred frequently and generate enormous hazards.(2)The geological disasters have such distribution characteristics: terrain and tectonic make geological disasters development of osculating correlated property, relative concentrate property, packet property, periodic property and so on.

本文首先在搜集相关资料和野外调查的基础上，以陕南316国道公路为重点研究区，全面分析了研究区域内地质灾害的孕灾条件与斜坡变形破坏模式，得到了以下认识：(1)研究路段地质灾害的发生发展主要受控于区内地形地貌、岩土体特性、地质构造与新构造运动、降雨条件、地下水特征及人类工程活动等因素：(2)研究路段发育滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和危险斜坡等四种地质灾害，具有如下的分布特征：地势与构造对地质灾害发育的密切相关性、相对集中性、群发性、周期性等；(3)研究路段斜坡地质灾害主要有六种变形破坏模式分别为：顺层滑动破坏、蠕滑—拉裂变形破坏、弯曲—拉裂—剪断破坏、旋转式滑移—拉裂破坏、楔形体滑动破坏、堆积层沿基岩面的滑动破坏模式，而且斜坡灾害的变形破坏往往是多种模式的组合。

For some rock slopes, which have not distinct failure surface, but have complicated structure or load on the top and so on, a stability analysis of this type slopes by finite element method is presented, the failure surface is defined by certain rule or strain zone from the computed model, and then the safety factor of the rock slope is abtained by finite element method and limit equilibrium methodAt last, using ANSYS , a famous commercial finite element analysis software, a example of high-steep slope which is bearing the load of the LongGe Mansion is presented, the stability of this slope is studied, as a paradign the the stability evalution of complicated high-steep slope under the action of load of building , the chapter gives some meritable reference in stability assessment of rock slopes using numerical simulation by three-dimension elastic-plastic finite element.

并用有限单元法建立边坡的具体模型，应用折减边坡岩体参数、逐级施加荷载等与边坡工作环境相似的方法进行模拟计算，根据计算结果，采用一定的判别准则或图形可视化方法，确定出边坡的滑裂面，再采用刚体极限平衡法或有限单元法计算其安全系数；最后，通过某一工程实例，用大型有限元程序对边坡在建筑物荷载作用下的稳定性进行分析研究，并以此作为计算分析复杂高边坡在高层建筑物作用下的稳定性评价的一个范例，在采用有限元弹塑性数值模拟岩质边坡稳定性方面提供一些有价值的参考。

The result shows: the material of glass reinforced plastic mortar pipe is brittle, the enlaced sample always destroyed along the interface of different layers, but the centrifugal sample destroyed along a breach; the capacity of bearing radial load of enlaced glass reinforced plastic mortar pipe is better than the centrifugal ones, the destroyed forms of them is also different. Secondly, the whole pipe and direct shear friction experiments between glass reinforced plastic mortar pipe and typical soil of Shanghai have been done.

结果表明：玻璃钢夹砂顶管管材属于脆性材料，缠绕式玻璃钢夹砂顶管的材质试样基本沿着层与层之间的分界面破坏，而离心浇铸式玻璃钢夹砂顶管材质试样的破坏是沿着某个滑裂面破坏；缠绕式玻璃钢夹砂顶管的抗径向荷载性能要优于离心浇铸式玻璃钢夹砂顶管，同时两者在径向荷载作用下的破坏形式明显不同。

After the critical slip surface confirmed, the system separates inclining the slope automatically and computes the slope safety factor. We used the safety estimate system on rock slope to analyze the the slope of anti-fire road of mount xiang northen chimb.

在搜索滑裂面以前，采用OpenGL再现结构面在边坡中的分布状况，并把结构面&点化&，根据结构面特征自动对边坡体进行斜条分，计算出正常工况和地震工况、暴雨情况下边坡的稳定安全系数。

Having analyzed the sliding of gravity dam foundation with a weak intercalation for failure process and destabilization mechanism by the non-linear finite technique ,it proved to be true that the second sliding surface in tail rock resistance block would be inclined to the downstream side but not simply vertical.

通过非线性有限元分析了具有软弱夹层的重力坝坝基滑动破坏过程和失稳机理，论证了尾岩抗力体第二滑裂面应向下游倾斜，而不宜简单地取为直立。

By studying the effects of the structural parameters of reinforcement and face plate, some qualitative rule is proposed, for example, the anchor should be 1.5 times length than distance between slip crack line and dam slope, and so on.

4通过对加筋层支护结构及护面板的参数的变化研究，建议加筋长取滑裂面至边坡的1.5-2倍等一些定性的规律。

Before searching the critical slip surface, using Joint Network Simulated program to recurrence joint distribute in the slope and point joints.

搜索临界滑裂面是以最小安全系数为准则，以智能搜索方法—自适应蚁群算法为搜索方法。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。