滑膜炎

Results: Arthroscopic examination showed that there were synovitis, debris and fibrillation in the joints of ADD with reduction; synovitis, synovial hyperplasia, debris, fibrillation, chondromalacia,fibrocartilage rupture and adhision in the joints of ADD without reduction.

结果：可复性关节盘前移位的病例出现滑膜炎，关节腔内有絮状物，关节结节表面有纤维形成。不可复性关节结节表面纤维形成，关节软骨软化，软骨剥脱，同时伴有纤维粘连。

All patients had different degree traumatic synoritis and hemarthrosis, comparing with results of arthroscopy of knee, the accurate rate of ultrasonogr-aphy were 92.1%.

所有患者均有不同程度的创伤性滑膜炎及关节腔内积血，与关节镜检查结果相对照诊断符合率为92.1%。

Results:(1) FSN can inhibit secondary joints swelling and multi-arthritis evidently, improve the whole condition of rats; at the same time, it can also lighten the synovial inflammation and hyperplasia of lesion joints distinctly, and prevent the joint cartilage and bone from destruction; the collective efficiency of FSN is better than TWP.(2) FSN can raise AA rats low LTT of spleen to normal nearly, remedy the disorder of Th / Ts and Thl / Th2 cells balance in peripheral blood, restrain exorbitant TNF- a ? IL-1 produced by PM O , thereof exert anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation effect.(3) Inside the lesion joints, FSN can depress abnormal hyper-expression of TNF- a mRNA and NF-kB in synovial tissues, as well as advance the expression of Caspase-3 (a proteolytic enzyme of apoptosis), reduce synovial immflamination and proliferation.(4) FSN can lower the expression of VEGF in synovial tissue,reduce neogenetic veins, so inhibit the growth of pannus tissue and the damage of cartilage and bone by that.(5) The above effect of FSN are in proportion to its dosage.Conclusions: FSN has inhibitory effects on symptom and condition of experimental RA, which is better than TWP as a whole.

结果：(1)FSN有明显的抗炎作用，可显著抑制AA大鼠足跖肿胀与多关节炎，改善大鼠的全身情况，同时明显减轻病变关节滑膜炎症与增生，防止关节软骨及骨质的破坏，其综合作用优于TWP；(2)FSN还能使AA大鼠低下的脾LTT恢复至接近正常，纠正外周血中T细胞亚群Th／Ts及Th1／Th2平衡紊乱，抑制大鼠PHφ过高的TNF-α、IL-1分泌，而发挥抗炎和免疫调节作用；(3)在病变关节局部，FSN能显著抑制AA大鼠滑膜细胞异常增高的TNF-αmRNA的表达，降低滑膜组织中NF-kB表达，并增加凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-3表达，从而抑制滑膜的炎症与增殖；(4)FSN还可下调滑膜组织中VEGF表达，减少血管新生，由此抑制血管翳的形成及其对软骨和软骨下骨的侵蚀；(5)FSN的上述作用皆呈现一定的量效依赖关系，高剂量组作用优于低剂量组。

FSN can raise AA rats low LTT of spleen to normal nearly, remedy the disorder of Th/Ts and Th1/Th2 cells balance in peripheral blood, restrain exorbitant TNF-α、IL-1 produced by PMφ, thereof exert anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation effect.(3) Inside the lesion joints, FSN can depress abnormal hyper-expression of TNF-αmRNA and NF-kB in synovial tissues, as well as advance the expression of Caspase-3 (a proteolytic enzyme of apoptosis), reduce synovial immflammation and proliferation.(4) FSN can lower the expression of VEGF in synovial tissue, reduce neogenetic veins, so inhibit the growth of pannus tissue and the damage of cartilage and bone by that.(5) The above effect of FSN are in proportion to its dosage. Conclusions: FSN has inhibitory effects on symptom and condition of experimental RA, which is better than TWP as a whole.

结果：(1)FSN有明显的抗炎作用，可显著抑制AA大鼠足跖肿胀与多关节炎，改善大鼠的全身情况，同时明显减轻病变关节滑膜炎症与增生，防止关节软骨及骨质的破坏，其综合作用优于TWP；(2)FSN还能使AA大鼠低下的脾LTT恢复至接近正常，纠正外周血中T细胞亚群Th/Ts及Th1/Th2平衡紊乱，抑制大鼠PMφ过高的TNF-α、IL-1分泌，而发挥抗炎和免疫调节作用；(3)在病变关节局部，FSN能显著抑制AA大鼠滑膜细胞异常增高的TNF-αmRNA的表达，降低滑膜组织中NF-kB表达，并增加凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-3表达，从而抑制滑膜的炎症与增殖；(4)FSN还可下调滑膜组织中VEGF表达，减少血管新生，由此抑制血管翳的形成及其对软骨和软骨下骨的侵蚀；(5)FSN的上述作用皆呈现一定的量效依赖关系，高剂量组作用优于低剂量组。

Methods Chose 77 TMD patients randomly and divided them into three groups according to clinical examination and x-ray examination (panoramic transcranial views of closed mouth and arthrograpnic examination.): synovitis group, disc anterior displacement group, and osteoarthropathy group.

对77例颞下颌关节紊乱病患者，经临床及X线检查（包括双侧颞下颌关节开闭口位及患侧关节造影检查）分为三组：滑膜炎组、关节盘前移位组、骨关节病组。10名正常健康人作对照。

CD40/CD40L interactions were also shown to play a significant role in the maintenance of autoimmunity,High-level expression of CD40L and CD40have been detected on monocytes/macrophages from patients with active sgstemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases,indicating that the expression of CD40/CD40L on monocytes/macrophages could account for the formation of synovitis and osteoclasia.

CD40/CD40L是免疫细胞间的重要信号转导途径，单核巨噬细胞表达CD40与CD40L，分泌许多促炎性因子，参与类风湿关节炎滑膜炎形成、骨和软骨破坏。在系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎和其他自身免疫病中已检测出高水平表达的CD40与CD40L。

And it was lower in the BZX group than the MTX group ( P ＜ 0. 001).CONCLUSION: The expression of VEGF is relative to the synovial pannus formation in the rheumatoid arthritis.

VEGF参与了RA疾病滑膜炎的形成和发展过程；其VEGF表达的高低与关节炎症状的轻重有关。

TyPe II collagen induced arthritisln the rat ank1e joint andoVathumin as antigen induced arthritis WA in the rabbit knee joint wereestab1ish2 Qualitative evaluation of me in skin, muscle, synovium, cedilagearound joint and blood was performed by OMA3 The CIA rats were treated on day 7 after hind paw swelling and erythemaAnimals were injected intravenously with ase at a dose of 10mg/kg,tWenty minuots 1ater, one ankle of the rats random1y assigned was exPosedlaser irradiation at l00J/cm fOr l000 seconds, and another ankle wasM grouP wihout laser The other two groups is unmanipulatedcontrol group and untreated CIA group Bimaleolar ankle widthmeasuremellts were taken in all animals every tWo days using amicrometer The histopathology of the ank1e Joint was assessed at day 21after disease onset4 The pro1iferating cell nuclear antigen WCNA of CIA treated by PDT andthe HMME group without laser was doterdrined by immunohistochemiStry5 The AfA rabbits were treated on day 7 after knee swelling and erythemaThe theraPy invo1ved lntravenous injection of l0mg/kg HMME, fOl1owedby 20 minues period in dim light, and transdermal light treatment with\l00 J/cm2 fOr l000 seconds The inner sides of the treated Anees wereirradiated at first, and then the outer side did 24 hours later, the synovialtissue of the Anees joint were removed and in situ cel1 aPoptosis wasdetCCted With tednal deoxync1eotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labelingR6suIt8:l The pathologic changes of CIA and AIA include subsynovial inflammation,opovial hyPerplasia, pannus formation, cartilage and bone destructionresemble RA.2 The studies demonstrated that there are different uptake of HMME withinskin, muscle, synovium, cartilage and b1ood, and the synovium cou1draPidly uPtake more ase than skin and cartilage at the firSt 30 minuesaller intravenous injection of HMME3 The bimaleolar anke width had no different among PDT treated group,H group withollt 1aser and untreated CIA group But hlstologicalevaluation showed statiStical1y significallt reductions in synovialhyperplasia, pannus formation and cart1lage reosion, bone destruction andtotal score in PDT treated group4 Image analysis showed that the ratlo bforeen the areas of the coufltedobect to that of the entire area in PDTtreated grOup is lower than that in conirol group, but the integrated oPticaldensity had no different between the two groups5 Imape analysis showed that the ratio between the area of the countedobject to that of the e

治疗组在大鼠出现踝关节红肿后1周，炎症达到高峰时进行PDT治疗。随机治疗大鼠一侧的踝关节，另。2。一一侧作单纯HMME 对照。治疗方法是大鼠麻醉后尾静脉注入 HMME10ngkg，20分钟后踝关节照光，激光波长627.sum，功率密度 100mwcm'，照射时间1000秒，能量密度100）／。治疗后避光喂养72 小时。隔日一次测量大鼠的踝关节左右横径，治疗后两周取关节进行病理d 观察。 4。大鼠CIA模型用上述方法进行PDT治疗后，治疗组和单纯HMME 组用兔疫组化SP法检测石蜡切片的核增殖抗原。 5。兔AIA模型在关节炎出现第七天进行PDT治疗，随机治疗一侧膝关节，另一侧作自身对照。兔耳静脉注入I'arrainrelomg／Kg，20分钟后，膝关节用金蒸气激光照射，激光能量密度100）儿旷。24 ／J'时后取膝关节滑膜作病理检查，并用脱氧核昔酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法原位检测凋亡细胞。结果： 1。模型观察：CIA大鼠炎症高峰期滑膜下炎细胞浸润明显，滑膜细胞明显增殖，炎症达到高峰后二周，血管缀形成，并侵蚀和破坏软骨和骨， CIA模型病理改变与人类RA相似。兔AIA模型膝关节滑膜病理可见滑膜细胞增生，滑膜下炎细胞浸润，也与人类RA滑膜改变相似。 2。关节周围组织中光敏剂含量的测定结果表明，各组织对HMME 的吸收速度和吸收量不同，荧光值一时间曲线不同，滑膜组织比皮肤和软骨对 HMME的吸收多，在 2 0分钟时即有明显差异。 3.PDT对CIA模型的治疗结果表明：PDT治疗后关节炎组、单纯 HMME组和治疗组踝关节左右横径统计学检验差异没有显著性，但病理评分PDT治疗组滑膜增生、血管资形成及软骨破坏、骨破坏和总分比关节炎对照组和HMME对照组好，统计学检验差异有显著性。。3＿军医进修学院硕士学位论文中文摘要 4.PDT治疗组PCNA阳性细胞较对照组少，图像分析结果表明面密度（阳性染色的面积总和与统计视野面积的比值）治疗组小于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。。 5.PDT治疗组凋亡阳性细胞较对照组明显增多，图像分析结果单位视野内阳性细胞数和面密度PDT治疗组高于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。凋亡细胞核直径PDT治疗组较小，与对照组相比，统计学检验差异有显著性。结论：二。CIA、AIA的病理改变类似人类RA，可作为研究RA病因、发病机制、检查及治疗方法的模型。 2。各组织对HMME的吸收速度和吸收量不同，滑膜组织比皮。

Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, limited intraarticular inflammation with synovitis, and changes in peri-articular and subchondral bone.

骨关节炎的特点是关节软骨的变性，关节内滑膜炎以及关节周围及软骨的变化。

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a benign condition, probably inflammatory in nature, with proliferative change of synovium of joint, tendon sheaths or bursae.

色素沈著陆绒毛结状滑膜炎（Pigmented villonodular synovitis，以下简称PVS），是较不常见的良性关节疾病，不易诊断。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新